Lipids and Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the reaction type between a fatty acid and glycerol molecule?

A

Condensation reaction

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2
Q

What is the bond formed between a fatty acid and glycerol?

A

Ester bond

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3
Q

What are the 3 roles of triglycerides?

A

Storage, insulation, protection

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4
Q

how do the structure and properties of triglycerides relate to their function?

A
  1. High ratio of energy storing bonds to C atoms
  2. Low mass to energy ratio
  3. No osmotic affect on the water potential in cells
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5
Q

what it the difference between triglycerides and a phospholipid?

A

A fatty acid group is substituted for a phosphate group in a phospholipid

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6
Q

What are the 3 functions of the plasma membrane?

A
  1. Control transport through a partially permeable membrane
  2. Act as a receptor site
  3. Separate cell from outside environment
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7
Q

What molecules do partially permeable membranes not let through?

A

Water soluble molecules, charged molecules, polar molecules

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of protein found in the membrane?

A

Extrinsic (in one layer)

Intrinsic (crosses the whole membrane)

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9
Q

What are some examples of polar molecule which need to cross the membrane?

A

Ions and Glucose

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10
Q

What is the name given to the carbohydrates attached to the proteins in the membrane?

A

Glycoproteins

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11
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins?

A

They allow for extra functions in the proteins embedded in the membrane

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12
Q

what is the function of a glycolipid?

A

Act as recognision sites and maintain the stability of the membrane
Allow cells to attach to one another and thereby form tissues

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13
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the membrane?

A

Increase strength and stability by restricting movement of other molecules in the membrane.

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14
Q

Why is the plasma membrane described as fluid mosaic?

A

Fluid- molecules can move around

mosaic- different types of molecule associated with the membrane

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15
Q

What can the molecules in the fluid mosaic model do?

A

Move sideways, leave and join membranes

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16
Q

What is Fick’s law?

A

Rate of diffusion is proprtional to :

[SA x Difference in Conc]/ Membrane thickness

17
Q

what are some features of facilitated diffusion?

A
Specific
Works down a conc gradient
Limited by number of channel proteins
Passive 
Used to transport charged, polar or hydrophillic substances
18
Q

which substances required channel proteins to cross the membrane?

A

Ions

19
Q

What is the definition of osmosis?

A

The movement of water across a partially permeable membrane down a water potential gradient.

20
Q

What is crenation?

A

When water leaves the cell by osmosis and shrinks

21
Q

What are some examples of active transport?

A

Uptake of glucose and amino acids in the small intestine
Absorption of mineral ions in plant roots
Exchange of sodium and potassium in neurons