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Cell Biology And Signaling > Lipids and membrane structures > Flashcards

Lipids and membrane structures Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of lipids

A

Insoluble in water, soluble in fat/organic solvents. Energy state, precursors for vitamins, steroid hormones, bile acids and phsopholipids

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2
Q

Definition of fully saturated

A

No C=C in FA

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3
Q

Definition of unsaturated

A

1 C=C in FA

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4
Q

Definition of polyunsaturated

A

Many C=C in FA

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5
Q

Definition of phospholipases

A

Important class of enzymes that bind to membrane and selectively hydrolyses components of phospholipids

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6
Q

Structure of a triglyceride

A

Ester of 3 FA/glycerol

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7
Q

How to form and hydrolyses triglyceride

A

Dehydration/synthesis

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

Structure of a fatty acid

A

Long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids

Metabolised via B-oxidation pathway => ATP generation

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9
Q

Naming unsaturated triglycerides

A

(18:1 ∆9)
No of C in chain
No of C=C
Position of C=C in relation to COOH

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10
Q

Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure

Thickness of membrane

A

Islands of proteins in a sea of lipid

4-5nm

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11
Q

Structure of a phospholipid

A

PO3 2- and serine/choline/ethanolamine/inositol
Glycerol
2 FA

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12
Q

Structure of a glycolipid

A

Carbohydrate
Glycerol
2 FA

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13
Q

Properties of phospholipid

A 
Bilayer in aqueous environment
Polar head group (PO3 2- serine, choline, ethanolamine, inositol)
2FA side chains
Ester bond to glycerol, hydrophobic
Amphipathic
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14
Q

Structure of sphingomyelin

A

Choline
Phosphate
Ceramide Sphingomyelin
Fatty acyl chain

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15
Q

Features of the lipid bilayer

A

Asymmetrical

Very fluid, ease which lipid molecules move about, don’t move from 1 plane to another

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16
Q

Regulation of fluidity

A

Lipid composition of membrane defines fluidity
Increased SCFA, decreased VDW, increased fluidity
Increased UFA, decreased VDW, increased fluidity
Increased cholesterol, decreased random movements of polar heads, decreased fluidity

17
Q

Structure of a lipid raft

A

Specialized membrane micro domain
More ordered, less fluid, section of limited movement
Increased cholesterol and sphingomyelin
Allows close interaction between receptors and signaling molecules

18
Q

Types of membrane protein

A 
Structural
Receptors
Ion channels
Transporters
Enzymes
19
Q

Function of structural proteins

A

Cell-cell contact, attachment of cytoskeleton

20
Q

Function of receptor proteins

A

Signal recognition and transmission

21
Q

Function of ion channel proteins

A

Maintenance of ionic gradients and transmissions

22
Q

Function of tranporter proteins

A

Import and export of substrates

23
Q

Function of enzymes

A

Catalysis

24
Q

Organization of membrane proteins

A

Integral/intrinsic proteins
Anchored proteins
Peripheral/extrinsic proteins

25
Q

Properties of integral proteins

A

Embedded in bilayer

Most are transmembrane, spanning domains=a helices, b sheets

26
Q

Properties of anchored proteins

A

Anchored to membrane by covalent bonds with FA

27
Q

Properties of peripheral proteins

A

Attach to membrane surface by ionic interaction with integral proteins or with polar head groups of phospholipids

28
Q

Types of phospholipases

A 
Phospholipase A1 (Ester between FA and G)
Phospholipase A2 (Ester between FA and G)
Phospholipase C (Ester between G and PO3 2-)
Phospholipase D (Ester between PO3 2- and polar head)
29
Q

High salt/urea treatment on peripheral, anchored and integral proteins

A

Removed
Remain
Remain

30
Q

Detergent treatment on peripheral, anchored and integral proteins

A

Removed
Removed
Removed

31
Q

Phospholipase treatment on peripheral, anchored and integral proteins

A

Removed/Remain
Removed
Remain

32
Q

Detergent action of bilipid layer

A

Detergent molecules completely disrupt lipid structure, whole thing falls apart, can isolate proteins

Cell Biology And Signaling (11 decks)

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