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CLIN CHEM LAB > LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEIN MEASUREMENT > Flashcards

LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEIN MEASUREMENT Flashcards

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1
Q

can be measured in non-fasting individuals

A

TOTAL CHOLE
HDL

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2
Q

Requires fasting individuals

A

TAG
LDL

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3
Q

Ideal time in fasting

A

12 hours before venipuncture

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4
Q

women have lower level than men except in
childhood and after the early fifties

A

Sex

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5
Q

NCEP abbreviation

A

National Cholesterol Education Program

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6
Q
  • at least ___- hours before
    blood specimens are taken for lipid and lipoprotein
    analysis
A

Adult treatment Panel 3

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7
Q

Total cholate , HDL, LDL, TAG can be measured in fasting patients only

TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

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8
Q

What are the lipid profile

A

total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TAG

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9
Q

POSTURE

When standing patient reclines =

A

↓10% TC, LDL, HDL

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10
Q

Position of the patient must be standardized for
venipuncture

A

sitting position

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11
Q

NCEP recommend:
patient be seated for __________ before sampling to prevent _____________

A

5 minutes / hemoconcentration

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12
Q

This is an accommodation for patients who may
be unable or unwilling to fast for 12 hours

A

Adult treatment panel 3

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13
Q

Plasma: Ultracentrifugation & electrophoresis (LPP
analysis)
o The samples can be cooled to ______ immediately
to retard changes that can occur in the
lipoproteins at room temperature

A

4°C

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14
Q

Plasma should _______ remain in contact with the _________

A

NOT - cells overnight

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14
Q

Protein aggregation occurs___________ using
what sample??

A

less frequently - SERUM

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15
Q

When applying _________ where LDL is
calculated (Plasma/Serum)

A

Friedewald equation

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16
Q

The two different calculations in VLDL

A

TAG/ 2.175 mmol/l - TAG/5 = mg/dL

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17
Q

Large osmotic effects
(falsely low result)

A

cyan (CITRATE)

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18
Q
  • Because of its relatively
    high molecular weight, it
    has little effect on plasma
    volume
  • But can alter
    electrophoretic mobility
A

Green (HEPARIN

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19
Q

*Preferred because it
retards certain kinds of
oxidative and enzymatic
alterations that occur in
the lipoproteins during
storage.

A

Pink (EDTA)

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20
Q

TC, TAG, HDL, Apolipoproteins – can be analyzed
with ______ samples

A

FROZEN

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21
Q

STORAGE

Long-term (>_ mos) at -____C
* Short-term (__ mos.) at - ___C

A

> 2 MOS AT 70 C
1-2 MOS AT 20C

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22
Q

__________ are NOT appropriate for
ultracentrifugal analysis because the triglyceriderich lipoproteins do NOT withstand freezing

A

Frozen samples

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23
Q

Medical disorders that lead to secondary
dyslipoproteinemia include ______, ______, ______

A

Thyroid, hepatic and kidney disease

24
Q

Even in the presence of the anticoagulant,
protein aggregation can occur in plasma that is
stored in the refrigerator for a few days or frozen
for longer periods

A

serum

25
Q

what is the color of liebermanns burchard test ________which indicates ________

A

Green color - steroids are cholesterol

26
Q

what is the color of Salkowski reaction______which indicates presence of ________

A

Red color - steroids

27
Q

2 mg of dry extract was dissolved in
acetic anhydride, heated to boiling,
cooled and then 1 ml of concentrated
sulphuric acid was added along the
sides of the test tube.

A
  1. LIEBERMANN-BURCHARD’S TEST:
28
Q

2 mg of dry extract was shaken with
chloroform, to the chloroform layer
sulphuric acid was added slowly by
the sides of test tube

A
  1. SALKOWSKI REACTION:
29
Q
  • Hydrolysis of CE (cholesteryl esters) using
    potassium hydroxide (KOH) to UE (unesterified) form
  • Extraction of UE form with petroleum ether
A
  1. ABELL-KENDALL
30
Q
  • Measurement with Liebermann-Burchard reagent
A
  1. ABELL-KENDALL
31
Q

acids of abell kendall

A

o Sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride

32
Q

Use smaller sample volume, no preliminary extraction
step

A

B. ENZYMATIC METHODS

33
Q
  • Rapid and precise compared to chemical methods
A

B. ENZYMATIC METHODS

34
Q

Forms a quinoneimine dye which will create a
colored reaction and that will be detected by your
device, usually a spectrophotometer

A

B. ENZYMATIC METHODS

35
Q

color of enzymatic method and read at _______

A

red color = read at 500 nm

36
Q

give me the characteristics of enzymatic method

A
  • smaller sample volume
  • no preliminary extraction
    step
  • rapid
  • precise
37
Q

Cholesterol oxidase (Equation 17-2) can react
with sterols other than cholesterol that are
present in plasma such as plant sterols, which are
present in appreciable concentrations in the
circulation of patients with β-sitosterolemia

A
  • Plant sterol
38
Q

Known for its properties as a reducing agent.
These properties allow it to compete with the
chromogenic substrates of equation 17-3 for
hydrogen peroxide.Therefore, plasma/serum samples with elevated
levels of ascorbic acid can result in lower
measured levels of TC.

A

Ascorbic acid

39
Q

Can interfere with TC measurements because of
its own spectral properties; bilirubin absorbs
light at 500 nm (Rifai et al, 2000). This tends to
increase measured cholesterol values

A

Bilirubin

40
Q

However, _________ is also oxidized by ________, and
as a result loses its absorbance at 500 nm. This
complicates the application of a serum blank to
correct for _________ absorbance

A

bilirubin oxidized by H2O2

41
Q

as a result of hypertriglyceridemia

A

Sample turbidity

42
Q

SCE

A

scandinavian committee on enzymes

43
Q

Similar to Van Handel and Zilversmit method

A
  1. CDC - REFERENCE METHOD
44
Q

limits interfering substances

A
  1. CDC - REFERENCE METHOD
45
Q

Extraction of TAG by chloroform
* Isolation of TAG by silicic acid chromatography
* Release of glycerol by saponification ((alkaline
hydrolysis of triglycerides)

A
  1. CDC - REFERENCE METHOD
46
Q

color of CDC

A

Pink end color

47
Q

heparin in combination with manganese
to precipitate apo B-containing LPP

A

EARLIEST

48
Q

sodium phosphotungstate with
magnesium

A

ALTERNATIVE

49
Q

Dextran sulfate with magnesium

A

MORE SPECIFIC

50
Q

elevated TAG levels

A

Interfering factor

51
Q

assay for cholesterol content

A

Clear supernate

52
Q

is being produced and measured
by the reaction with sulfuric acid solution of
chromotropic acid to produce pink
chromophore

A

Formaldehyde

53
Q

3-Step Procedure in HDL (gold standard or reference method

A

Ultracentrifugation
Heparin Manganese Precipitation
Analysis of supernatant cholestero

54
Q

IV. LABORATORY METHODS: LDL CHOLESTEROL
REFERENCE METHOD

A

Beta-Quantification
* Electrophoretic migration
* Ultracentrifugation + Chemical Precipitation

BEU

55
Q

NOT appropriate in samples with TAG of greater
than___________ and patients with suspected
beta lipoprotein

A

400 mg/dl

56
Q

Hydrogen peroxide by peroxidase will form _____________

A

quinoneimine dye complex

57
Q

VLDL in SI unit

A

o LDL = TC - HDL - (TAG/2.175) (mmol/L)

58
Q

conventional unit

A

LDL = TC - HDL - (TAG/5) (mg/dL)

CLIN CHEM LAB (7 decks)

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