Lipids Flashcards
True or False: fatty acids can be converted into steroid hormones
False, Steroids are generated from cholesterol, which is a totally different class of lipid.
True or false: Waxes are cholesterol derivatives that contain many diverse functional groups, including esters, aromatic ring systems, and alcohols.
This statement is false. Although waxes do contain many diverse functional groups, they are not cholesterol derivatives. Instead, they are derived from long chain fatty acids.
Which of the following do lipids NOT partake in: Chemical signaling Energy Storage Structural Support Tissue Repair
TIssue Repair
What are the lipid soluable vitamins?
ADEK
What major vitamin is derived from cholesterol?
Vitamin D
ID the fat: consist of two fatty acid chains connected by a phosphate head group, although the exact composition of the phosphate head group can vary.
Phospholipid
ID the fat: signaling lipids derived from sphingosine, which is an amine alcohol group.
Sphingolipids, a kind of FA
ID the fat: fatty acid derivatives that consist of three fatty acids connected through a molecule of glycerol. They are used to store energy in adipocytes.
TAGs
ID the fat: 4 ring structure
Cholesterol
ID the fat: class of lipids made from isoprene, which is a branched 5-carbon unit with two double bonds. When two isoprene units polymerize, one of the double bonds is broken.
Terpene
True or False: phospholipids cannot be glycosylated
True
True or false: Saponification is used to convert triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acid salts under alkaline conditions.
True
Using the IUPAC, Omega, Delta, and lipid numbering systems, name the following lipid:
IUPAC: (9Z)-Tetradec-9-enoic acid
Omega: omega-5 fatty acid
Delta: Delta9
Lipid Numbering: 14:1
True or false: Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids tend to have lower melting and boiling points than saturated fatty acids of comparable chain length.
True
True or False: trans fats are more likely to be solid at room temp
True
Because trans fats do not bend like cis-unsaturated fatty acids, they are more stackable and pack tightly together, which allows them to resist heat. They tend to be solid at room temperature.
This transports cholesterol from the blood stream back to liver
HDL
Lipoprotein synthesized by the liver and has the lowest density of all the lipo proteins generated. Rich in triglycerides. Delivers lipids to body tissues.
VLDL
Lipids from the GI tract are packaed into what structure?
Chylomicrons
True or false: Fatty acids are partially soluble in aqueous solvents.
True
Describe Saponification
Saponification requires a strong base like NaOH or KOH. The base attacks the carbonyl carbons within a triglyceride, generating a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid salts.
FA derivitive that clusters in lipid rafts and plays a role in biosignaling
Shingomyelin
True or False: Vitamin A is a terpenoid
True
Lipids that are derived from isoprene
Terpenes and terpenoids
Lipids with a 20 C structure. Tend to have rings for heads.
Eicosonoids.
Lipid that plays a role in the inflammatory response
Prostaglandins
Lipid that plays a role in blood clotting and is found in platlets
Thromboxanes
What are the major examples of eosonoids you should know?
Prostaglandins and Thromboxins
What vitamin is cholesterol derived?
Vitamin D
What lipid is this hormone derived from?
Cholesterol
Site of beta oxidation
Matrix of mitochondria
Site of lipid anabolism
Cytosol or Smoothe ER
Where does ketogenesis occur?
Mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes
Where does lipolysis occur?
Cytosol of adipocytes
Where does beta oxidation occur?
Mitochondrial matrix of most cells
Where does cholesterol synthesis occur?
Smoothe ER of all nucleated cells
