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BELLE MCAT Biochem > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

True or False: fatty acids can be converted into steroid hormones

A

False, Steroids are generated from cholesterol, which is a totally different class of lipid.

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2
Q

True or false: Waxes are cholesterol derivatives that contain many diverse functional groups, including esters, aromatic ring systems, and alcohols.

A

This statement is false. Although waxes do contain many diverse functional groups, they are not cholesterol derivatives. Instead, they are derived from long chain fatty acids.

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3
Q

Which of the following do lipids NOT partake in: Chemical signaling Energy Storage Structural Support Tissue Repair

A

TIssue Repair

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4
Q

What are the lipid soluable vitamins?

A

ADEK

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5
Q

What major vitamin is derived from cholesterol?

A

Vitamin D

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6
Q

ID the fat: consist of two fatty acid chains connected by a phosphate head group, although the exact composition of the phosphate head group can vary.

A

Phospholipid

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7
Q

ID the fat: signaling lipids derived from sphingosine, which is an amine alcohol group.

A

Sphingolipids, a kind of FA

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8
Q

ID the fat: fatty acid derivatives that consist of three fatty acids connected through a molecule of glycerol. They are used to store energy in adipocytes.

A

TAGs

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9
Q

ID the fat: 4 ring structure

A

Cholesterol

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10
Q

ID the fat: class of lipids made from isoprene, which is a branched 5-carbon unit with two double bonds. When two isoprene units polymerize, one of the double bonds is broken.

A

Terpene

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11
Q

True or False: phospholipids cannot be glycosylated

A

True

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12
Q

True or false: Saponification is used to convert triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acid salts under alkaline conditions.

A

True

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13
Q

Using the IUPAC, Omega, Delta, and lipid numbering systems, name the following lipid:

A

IUPAC: (9Z)-Tetradec-9-enoic acid

Omega: omega-5 fatty acid

Delta: Delta9

Lipid Numbering: 14:1

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14
Q

True or false: Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids tend to have lower melting and boiling points than saturated fatty acids of comparable chain length.

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: trans fats are more likely to be solid at room temp

A

True

Because trans fats do not bend like cis-unsaturated fatty acids, they are more stackable and pack tightly together, which allows them to resist heat. They tend to be solid at room temperature.

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16
Q

This transports cholesterol from the blood stream back to liver

A

HDL

17
Q

Lipoprotein synthesized by the liver and has the lowest density of all the lipo proteins generated. Rich in triglycerides. Delivers lipids to body tissues.

A

VLDL

18
Q

Lipids from the GI tract are packaed into what structure?

A

Chylomicrons

19
Q

True or false: Fatty acids are partially soluble in aqueous solvents.

A

True

20
Q

Describe Saponification

A

Saponification requires a strong base like NaOH or KOH. The base attacks the carbonyl carbons within a triglyceride, generating a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid salts.

21
Q

FA derivitive that clusters in lipid rafts and plays a role in biosignaling

A

Shingomyelin

22
Q

True or False: Vitamin A is a terpenoid

A

True

23
Q

Lipids that are derived from isoprene

A

Terpenes and terpenoids

24
Q

Lipids with a 20 C structure. Tend to have rings for heads.

A

Eicosonoids.

25
Q

Lipid that plays a role in the inflammatory response

A

Prostaglandins

26
Q

Lipid that plays a role in blood clotting and is found in platlets

A

Thromboxanes

27
Q

What are the major examples of eosonoids you should know?

A

Prostaglandins and Thromboxins

28
Q

What vitamin is cholesterol derived?

A

Vitamin D

29
Q

What lipid is this hormone derived from?

A

Cholesterol

30
Q

Site of beta oxidation

A

Matrix of mitochondria

31
Q

Site of lipid anabolism

A

Cytosol or Smoothe ER

32
Q

Where does ketogenesis occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes

33
Q

Where does lipolysis occur?

A

Cytosol of adipocytes

34
Q

Where does beta oxidation occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix of most cells

35
Q

Where does cholesterol synthesis occur?

A

Smoothe ER of all nucleated cells

BELLE MCAT Biochem (18 decks)

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