Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

terpenes

A

precursors to steroids and other lipid signaling molecules

built from isoprene (C5H8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

isoprene

A

C5H8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

monoterpenes

A

C10H16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sesquiterpenes

A

C15H24

contain 2 isoprenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diterpenes

A

C20H32

contains 4 isoprenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

triterpenes

A

C30H48

contain 6 isoprenes

can be converted into cholesterol and various steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tetaterpenes

A

C40H64

4 isoprenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

steroids

A

metabolic derivative of terpenes

have 4 cycloalkane rings fused together - 3 cyclohexanes and 1 cyclopentane

super nonpolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

steroid hormones

A

act as hormones because secreted by endocrine gland into blood stream
travel by protein carriers because nonpolar
can alter gene expression and regulate metabolism

includes testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cholesterol

A

important component of the phospholipid bilayer
mediates membrane fluidity
amphipathic
precursor for steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

prostaglandin

A

active lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid
unsaturated carboxylic acid
acts as a paracrine or autocrine signaling molecules
regulates cAMP
mediates smooth muscle function, sleep-wake cycle, and elevation of temperature

controls production of blood clots, blood flow, inflammation, and induction of labor
constricts blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

saponification

A

ester hydrolysis of triacylglyerols using strong base

makes soap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

soap

A

can act as surfactant which reduces surface tension
makes things collide
forms micelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

micelles

A

hydrophobic inside, hydrophilic outside

fatty acids and bile salts secreted by the gallbladder form micelles that increase surface area availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of fatty acid increases fluidity?

A

unsaturated cis fatty acids because cause kink in the chain

remains liquid at room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

trans configuration

A

E (opposite sides have highest priority)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cis configuration

A

Z (same sides have highest priority)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how do double bonds affect melting point

A

decrease melting point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what occurs when triglycerides break down

A

separate into glycerol and fatty acids

glycerol can convert to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

fatty acids can be oxidized into acetyl-CoA (thru beta oxidation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what occurs when low glucose in the body?

A

triacylglycerides are broken down

fatty acids from triacylglycerides are oxidized to acetyl CoA which can convert into ketone bodies which can nourish the brain in replacement of glucose

glycerol from triacylglycerides can go into glycerol 3 phosphate and go through glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What source of fuel provides the most energy?

A

fats!

22
Q

neutral phospholipids

A

have a positive polar group to balance out negative phosphate group

sphingosine
phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatidylcholine

23
Q

negative phospholipids

A

have neutral group combined with negative phosphate group

phosphatidylserine
phosphatidylinositol
diphosphatidylglyerol

24
Q

How can phospholipids be separated

A

mass, charge, and solubility

due to unique features in backbone, polar head groups, and fatty acid chain

25
Q

what is more soluble: charged or neutral head

A

charged head because they form H bonds

lipids with long hydrocarbon chains have decreased solubility

26
Q

How does cholesterol act at high temperatures?

A

Maintains membrane rigidity and structure

27
Q

How does cholesterol act at low temperatures?

A

increases fluidity and prevents membrane from solidifying

28
Q

What is the best type of FA to increase membrane fluidity?

A

short unsaturated fatty acid tail

29
Q

What is the worst type of FA for membrane fluidity?

A

long saturated tails because will cause phospholipids to cluster (found in sphinogolipids)

30
Q

emulsification

A

process of bile salts breaking large lipid globules into smaller droplets (micelles)

this increases surface area with hydrophobic inside and hydrophilic outside

31
Q

lipases

A

enzymes that digest certain emulsified lipids to facilitate their absorption

32
Q

hydrolyzable lipids

A

contain an ester bond which can be cleaved by lipase with addition of water

triglycerols
phospholipids
sphingolipids
waxes

33
Q

non-hydrolyzable lipids

A

do not have ester bond

steroids
prostaglandins
fat soluble vitamins

34
Q

What is cholesterol a precursor for?

A

steroid hormones (aldosterone, progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol), vitamin D, and bile salts

35
Q

What is leptin and insulin made of?

A

chain of amino acids

36
Q

signaling lipids

A

involved in signal transduction pathway or passing of information between and within cells

divided into 2 categories: steroids and fat-soluble vitamins

37
Q

glycerophospholipids

A

have glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acid chains that have ester linkages and connected to R groups

the third group is an Oxygen connected to a phosphate group and an X (polar head)

38
Q

sphingolipids

A

play a role in signal transduction and cell recognition

particularly impact neural tissue

39
Q

triglycerides

A

composed of glycerol head group and three atty acid tails

primarily used for energy storage in adipocytes

40
Q

bicelles

A

arrange lipids in lowest energy state by having hydrophobic portion protected on the inside

form a disk like shape and contain a planar region in the middle where there is nothing

41
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of componenets - including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates- that gives the membrane a fluid character

42
Q

aquaporins

A

required for water to pass through cell membrane

transmembrane channel that provides a polar environment for water molecules to pass through

43
Q

primary active transport

A

acquires energy through ATP hydrolysis

ex: Na+/K+ pump

44
Q

secondary active transport

A

processes the unfavorable movement of a solute against its concentration gradient by simultaneously moving another solute (favorable) down its gradient

symport and antiport

45
Q

symport

A

type of secondary active transport in which the favorable solute and unfavorable solute move in the same direction

46
Q

antiport

A

form of secondary active transport in which the favorable solute and unfavorable solute move in opposite directioins

47
Q

What has a higher boiling point: cis vs trans

A

cis has a higher boiling point

48
Q

what has a higher melting point: cis vs trans

A

trans has a higher melting point

49
Q

What will increase melting point in fatty acids

A

trans has a higher melting point than cis

the melting point will increase with length of nonpolar, fatty acid tail

50
Q

What is the purpose of fatty acids?

A

constituents of complex membrane lipids
stores fat in form of triglycerides
precursors for synthesis of bioactive lipids

51
Q

fatty acid structure

A

has a hydrocarbon nonpolar, hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic (carboxylic acid) head

so the molecule is amphipathic

52
Q

negatively charged glycophopholipids

A

serine

inositoldiphosphatidylglycerol

Biochemistry (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions