Lipids Flashcards
What are lipids
a very diverse group of fatty, water insoluble, molecules
What do lipids function as
stored energy, components of cellular membranes, and hormones
Triglycerides are also known as
neutral fats
What are the 4 primary classes of lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and eicosanoids
Lipids are the only biomacromolecules that are not composed of what
Polymers
What is the most common form of lipid in all living things
Triglycerides
What forms a triglyceride
A glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids.
Glycerol is made of
A 3-carbon molecule with a hydroxyl functional group attached to each carbon.
A fatty acid is composed of
A long chain of hydrocarbons with a carboxylic functional group on one end.
Triglyceride molecules form by the process of what
Dehydration Synthesis
Functions of trigylcerides
Long-term energy storage in adipose connective tissue, structural support, cushioning, and insulation of the body.
How many double bonds does a saturated fatty acid have? Are they solid or liquid at room temp?
They have no double bonds and are usually solid at room temp.
How many double bonds does an unsaturated fatty acid have? Are they solid or liquid at room temp?
They have on double bond and are usually liquid at room temp.
How many double bonds do polyunsaturated fatty acid have?
They have two or more double bonds.
Lipogenesis occurs through what
the process of dehydration
Lipolysis occurs thru
the process of hydrolysis
Triglycerides from thru
Lipogenesis
What are phospholipids
They are ampipathic lipids that form chemical barriers of cell membranes
What are phospholipids composed of
A glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate, and various organic groups.
Phosphilipids from
A polar head and two nonpolar tails
What are examples of steroids
cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile salts
What are steroids composed of
predominantly hydrocarbons that differ in the side chains extending from the rings
Steroids contain cholesterol that is a component of animal plasma membranes and a
precursor to other steroid synthesis
How many carbon rings do steroids have
4 carbon rings(3 have 6 carbon atoms, and 1 has 5 carbon atoms)
What are Eicosanoids made of
modified 20 carbon fatty acids
what are the 4 classes of eicosanoids
porstaglandins, prostacyclins, thomrboxanes, leukotrines
primary functions of eicosanoids
inflammatory response of immune system, communication with nervous system
What are glycolipids
They are lipid molecules with an attached carbohydrate
What are vitamins that are also lipids and fat-soluble
Vitamin A,E and K
Function of phospholipids
form chemical barriers of cell membranes
Unsaturated fats are converted to saturated fats through
hydrogenation
