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Weeks 2 and 3, Macromolecules and Energy and Chemical Reactions > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates

A

CH2O

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2
Q

What is usually attached to every carbon

A

An H and an OH

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3
Q

What are simple sugar monomers

A

Monosaccharides

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4
Q

What is formed from two monosaccharides

A

A disaccharide

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5
Q

What is formed from many monosaccharides

A

A polysaccharide

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6
Q

What is the most common monosaccharide

A

Glucose

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7
Q

How many carbon atoms does glucose have

A

6

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8
Q

What is the primary nutrient that supplies energy to cells

A

Glucose

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9
Q

What is glycogen

A

Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose

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10
Q

What is the main storage from of glucose in the body

A

Glycogen

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11
Q

The liver hydrolyzes glycogen into glucose through what?

A

Glycogenolysis

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12
Q

The liver can form glucose from noncarb sources through

A

Gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

What are hexose monosaccharides and give an example. How many carbons do they have?

A

Glucose isomers(galactose, fructose). 6 carbons

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14
Q

The liver binds glucose monomers together to form glycogen through what

A

Glycogenesis

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15
Q

How many carbons do the pentose sugars have, give an example and what are they structural components of

A

5 carbons, ribose and deoxyribose, they are structural components of nucleic acids.

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16
Q

What are disaccharides

A

Two simple sugars bonded together

17
Q

What are 3 common disaccharides

A

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose

18
Q

Sucrose is what

A

table sugar

19
Q

All 3 of these disaccharides contain a glucose monosaccharide and are bonded to a second what

A

Hexose monosaccharide

20
Q

What are examples of a polysaccharide

A

Glycogen, starch, cellulose,

21
Q

Polysaccharides are made of

A

3 or more monosaccharides

22
Q

Glycogen is most common in

A

animals

23
Q

Starch and cellulose is found in

A

plants

24
Q

Plant starch is a major nutritional source of glucose for

A

humans

25
Q

What are fructose galactose and glucose

A

Monosaccharides

26
Q

What is starch and glycogen

A

Polysaccharides

27
Q

What are lactose, maltose, and sucrose

A

Disaccharides

28
Q

What does the term carbohydrate mean

A

Hydrated Carbon

29
Q

What are the function of carbohydrates

A

provide energy, build macromolecules, store energy, spare protein and fat for other uses, etc

Weeks 2 and 3, Macromolecules and Energy and Chemical Reactions (6 decks)

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