Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates
CH2O
What is usually attached to every carbon
An H and an OH
What are simple sugar monomers
Monosaccharides
What is formed from two monosaccharides
A disaccharide
What is formed from many monosaccharides
A polysaccharide
What is the most common monosaccharide
Glucose
How many carbon atoms does glucose have
6
What is the primary nutrient that supplies energy to cells
Glucose
What is glycogen
Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose
What is the main storage from of glucose in the body
Glycogen
The liver hydrolyzes glycogen into glucose through what?
Glycogenolysis
The liver can form glucose from noncarb sources through
Gluconeogenesis
What are hexose monosaccharides and give an example. How many carbons do they have?
Glucose isomers(galactose, fructose). 6 carbons
The liver binds glucose monomers together to form glycogen through what
Glycogenesis
How many carbons do the pentose sugars have, give an example and what are they structural components of
5 carbons, ribose and deoxyribose, they are structural components of nucleic acids.
What are disaccharides
Two simple sugars bonded together
What are 3 common disaccharides
Sucrose, lactose, and maltose
Sucrose is what
table sugar
All 3 of these disaccharides contain a glucose monosaccharide and are bonded to a second what
Hexose monosaccharide
What are examples of a polysaccharide
Glycogen, starch, cellulose,
Polysaccharides are made of
3 or more monosaccharides
Glycogen is most common in
animals
Starch and cellulose is found in
plants
Plant starch is a major nutritional source of glucose for
humans
What are fructose galactose and glucose
Monosaccharides
What is starch and glycogen
Polysaccharides
What are lactose, maltose, and sucrose
Disaccharides
What does the term carbohydrate mean
Hydrated Carbon
What are the function of carbohydrates
provide energy, build macromolecules, store energy, spare protein and fat for other uses, etc
