Lipids

Question 1

LDL

Answer 1

Bad cholesterol

Cholesterol from liver to periphery

Question 2

HDL

Answer 2

Good cholesterol

Cholesterol from periphery to liver for metabolism

Question 3

Leading cause of death in the U.S.

Answer 3

Coronary artery disease

Question 4

ASCVD risk

Answer 4

atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. uses Pooled Cohort Equation aka Omnibus Risk Estimator

Question 5

What the ASCVD risk means

Answer 5

Risk of developing a first ASCVD event. Nonfatal MI
Coronary Heart Disease Death
Nonfatal Stroke
Fatal Stroke

Question 6

Benefit group 1

Answer 6

Patients with clinical ASCVD

Question 7

Benefit group 2

Answer 7

LDL ≥ 190 mg/dL

Question 8

Benefit group 3

Answer 8

Age 40-75
With Diabetes
Without clinical ASCVD
LDL 70-189 mg/dL

Question 9

Benefit group 4

Answer 9

Age 40-75
w/o ASCVD
w/o diabetes 
LDL 70-189 mg/dL
ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%

Question 10

LDL equation

Answer 10

LDL=TC-HDL-VLDL

VLDL=TG/5 if TG <250

Question 11

Lipoprotein levels requiring a lipoprotein profile

Answer 11

TC >200 mg/dL or HDL >40 mg/dL

Question 12

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor indication

Answer 12

Hypercholeterolemia

Question 13

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor MOA

Answer 13

inhibit HMG CoA reductase from making mevalonate

Question 14

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor Adverse Effects

Answer 14

Rhabdomyolysis 
Hepatotoxicity (Avoid grapefruit juice, CYP3A4)
Teratogenic

Question 15

Inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption indication

Answer 15

Hypercholesterolemia

Question 16

Inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption MOA

Answer 16

Inhibits luminal cholesterol uptake by jejunal enterocytes, by inhibiting transport proteins

Question 17

Inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption Adverse Effects

Answer 17

Allergic Reactions
Diarrhea, from fats left in the intestine
Fatigue

Question 18

Fibric Acid Derivative indication

Answer 18

Severely elevated serum triglyceride levels

Question 19

Fibric acid derivative MOA

Answer 19

Decrease VLDL and increase HDL

Question 20

Fibric acid derivative Adverse Effects

Answer 20

Headache
Nausea
Diarrhea

Question 21

Niacin (B3) indication

Answer 21

dyslipidemia

Question 22

Niacin (B3) MOA

Answer 22

Inhibits lipolysis of triglycerides by hormone sensitive lipase

Question 23

Niacin (B3) Adverse Effects

Answer 23

Flushing, itching, skin rashes, acanthosis nigricans

Dyspepsia

Question 24

Fish oil indication

Answer 24

Hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 500 mg/dL)

Question 25

Fish oil MOA

Answer 25

. Possible mechanisms include hepatic beta-oxidation, a reduction in the hepatic synthesis of triglycerides, or an increase in plasma lipoprotein lipase activity

Question 26

Fish Oil Adverse Effect

Answer 26

Angina Rash Fishy aftertaste Frucation/Belching