Lipids

Question 1

4 things needed for fat absorb in intestine?

Answer 1

1) hydrolytic enzymes from pancreas
2) release of detergents (bile salts)
3) uptake into mucosal cells
4) convert into particles for transport to lymph/blood

Question 2

why need hydrolytic enzymes?

Answer 2

break ester linkages of TG

Question 3

what is steatorrhoea?

Answer 3

fat in feces

Question 4

failure of digest/absorb of fats?

Answer 4

steatorrhoea, diarrhea, h2o/electrolyte loss, v absorption of nutrients, starvation

Question 5

what is lipolysis?

Answer 5

hydrolysis of TG by lipases

Question 6

what happens in duodenum?

Answer 6

lipids mix with secretions, emulsions form, lipases act

Question 7

formed by oxidation of cholesterol in liver

Answer 7

bile salts

Question 8

purpose of bile salts?

Answer 8

mix with lipids to increase surface area, form emulsions, become part of micelles for absorption

Question 9

what is absorbed directly to blood (not in micelle)?

Answer 9

glycerol, SCFA, MCFA

Question 10

how is MG and FFA reesterified to TG??

Answer 10

energy–>FA activated to acyl-CoA derivative

Question 11

chylomicron enters lymphatics to blood via ____ duct

Answer 11

thoracic

Question 12

chylomicron cleaved to FA and glycerol by ____

Answer 12

lipoptn lipase

Question 13

lipid metabolism in liver?

Answer 13

oxidation of exogenous lipids, fa synthesis from glu, synth of chol and bile salts, form phospholipids, form lipoproteins, reg. storage of fats in tissues, produce ketone bodies

Question 14

what is efficiency of nrg capture from 16:0 in ATP?

Answer 14

40% of 129 equivalents

Question 15

main precursor for FA syn?

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

transport from mito to cyto uses

Answer 16

oxaloacetate

Question 17

carboxylation of acetyl-coA to malonyl coA needs:

Answer 17

biotin

Question 18

condensation and reduction to palmitate requires :

Answer 18

FA synthetase (multienzyme complex), Acyl Carrier Protein

Question 19

reducing equivalents come from:

Answer 19

PPP

Question 20

metabolic fate of palmityl coa?

Answer 20

elongated, desaturated, form phosphatidic acid, use as nrg for liver, form TG and exported via VLDL

Question 21

HMG-CoA–>mevalonate requires:

Answer 21

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 22

synth path of PLs:

Answer 22

glycerol–>aGP–>+2FA–>phosphatidic acid–>PL

Question 23

endogenous fa in adipose mainly:

Answer 23

palmitic acid

Question 24

can muscles synth fa/tg?

Answer 24

nope

Question 25

does beta oxidation happen in muscle or brain?

Answer 25

muscle

Question 26

genetic diseases cause:

Answer 26

^ bad fat in nervous system

Question 27

why ketogenesis occur?

Answer 27

depletion of malate so can’t have TCA

Question 28

type 1 hyperlipidemia characterized by:

Answer 28

lack of lipoptn lipase

Question 29

type 2 characterized by:

Answer 29

^ LDL

Question 30

type 3 characterized by:

Answer 30

^ chol and TG

Question 31

type 4 characterized by :

Answer 31

^ VLDL

Question 32

how treat TYPE 1?

Answer 32

feed with M/SCFA (low energy, frequent meals so don’t make VLDL)

Question 33

why no AI for MUFA?

Answer 33

synth in body

Question 34

AMDR for n-6?

Answer 34

5-10% NRG

Question 35

AI range for n-6?

Answer 35

11-17g

Question 36

AI range for n-3?

Answer 36

1.1-1.6g

Question 37

AMDR for n3?

Answer 37

0.6-1.2% NRG

Question 38

why eggs good?

Answer 38

high quality protein, low in SFA, minerals/trace elements, EFAs, vitamins, bioactive comps