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NUtr 321 > Carbs > Flashcards

Carbs Flashcards

1
Q

what is carb RDA?

A

130g/day

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2
Q

what is carb?

A

1C: H2O

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3
Q

which isomer of simple sugars (MS) nutritionally important?

A

D isomer

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4
Q

disaccharides are MS condensed by __ bond

A

glycosidic

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5
Q

homopolysacc of glucose?

A

starch, glycogen

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6
Q

examples of heteropolysaccs?

A

glycosaminoglycans, hemicellulose, pectin, gum

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7
Q

soluble fibre

A

fermented by bacteria in colon (SCFA). delay absorp of glu

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8
Q

insoluble fibre

A

prevent constipation

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9
Q

disacc digestion in:

A

mucosal cells of microvilli/brush border

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10
Q

most abundant complex compound in world, insoluble fibre

A

cellulose

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11
Q

fructose crosses by ___

A

facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

fructose is absorbed faster than ____

A

xylitol and sorbitol

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13
Q

in liver, glucose enters cells by ____ and is insulin _____

A

facilitated diffusion; insulin independent (GLUT2)

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14
Q

in muscle and adipose, glu enters cells by fac. diffusion and is insulin ____

A

dependent (GLUT4)

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15
Q

what is hyperglycemia?

A

blood glu lvl above normal –>doesn’t enter cells, not reabsorbed by kidney

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16
Q

diff between IDDM and NIDDM?

A

first is insulin dependent, other is not (cells resistant, control by diet and hypogly drugs)

17
Q

what is renal threshold for gluc?

A

10mmol/L or 180mg/dL –>idneys no longer reabsorb glu as fast as being filtered

18
Q

what is hypoglycemia?

A

blood glu below normal (hypersecretion of insulin)

19
Q

in fasted states, what are increased?

A

glucagon, glu release by liver/musc/adipose, glucocorticoids from adrenal, gluconeogenesis

20
Q

priority of utilization of absorbed MS?

A

energy–>glycogen–>FA–>PPP

21
Q

what is the embden meyerhof path?

A

fermentation

22
Q

PDH needs:

A

thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

23
Q

why pyruvate needed to keep TCA cycle running?

A

supply oxaloacetate (in presence of CO2)

24
Q

how many coenzymes and prosthetic groups in PDH?

A

5; 3 (TPP, lipoamide, FAD)

25
Q

what is function of TPP?

A

decarboxylation of a-ketoacids

26
Q

decarboxylation of pyruvate and oxidation of acetate takes place in:

A

mito matrix

27
Q

ATP synth takes place in:

A

mito inner mem

28
Q

what is UDP?

A

step in glycogenesis (uridine 5’ diphosphate)

29
Q

which form of glycogen synthase is more active?

A

dephosphorylated (target of insulin)

30
Q

three fates of G6P?

A

glycolysis, liver G6phosphatase (to blood/other tissues), PPP

31
Q

why is PPP necessary?

A

ribose for synth of DNA/RNA/ATP/GTP, provide NADPH for fa synth and for glutathione reductase rxn

32
Q

tissues with active PPP

A

adrenal, liver, mammary, testes, RBC, ovary, adipose

33
Q

glutathione composed of :

A

glutamate, cysteine, glycine

NUtr 321 (8 decks)

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