ENERGY Flashcards
total available nrg in food
gross nrg
nrg available to animal after metabolic processes of digest, absorp, excrete
net nrg
___% as heat, capture rest in ____ bond
55-60; high energy phosphate
amt nrg required to raise temp of 1g of H2O by 1 degree C
calorie
amt of nrg expended when 1 kg moved 1m by force of 1 newton
joule
what is gross nrg in foods?
heat of combustion, amt heat released when substance oxidized completely (bomb calorimeter)
gross nrg depend on:
1) proportion CHO, protein, fat
2) composition of individual CHO, ptn, fat
find GE value using ____ analysis
proximate
GE - fecal energy =
Digestible energy
nrg that is useful to animal
metabolizable energy
ME=
GE - fecal E - urinary E
for humans, ME=?
(GE - urinary E) x digestibility coefficients; Atwater fuel values
nrg expended to sustain life
basal metabolism
how to measure BMR?
1) direct (hard to do)
2) indirect (resp)
2 types of indirect calorimetry?
1) closed–>spirometer
2) open–>more precise than closed
conditions for measuring BMR
- completely relax
- recline comfortable position
- awake
- thermal neutral
- post absorptive
- no heavy physical activity within 12 h
factors affect BMR?
body size/comp, age, enviro temp, hormonal status, stress, illness/injury, sleep vs awake, previous nutr. history
ration of CO2 produced: O2 consumed
respiratory quotient
physical activity can be measured by…
direct and indirect calorimetry
nrg expended in PA depend on:
1) intensity of activity 2) duration of activity 3) BW of subject
Thermic effect of food averages ___% ME intake
6-10
3 approaches to energy needs?
factual, factorial, measured
what is factual?
find intake that maintains bwt at desired lvl
what is factorial
add up needs
measured?
DLW, used for DRIs
for each inch above 5 ft, add ___ lbs
5
average diet nrg predicted maintain nrg balance in healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height, and lvl of physical activity consistent with good health
estimated energy requirement
how is EER calculated?
TEE and DLW
why shouldn’t use EER for ppl try lose weight??
not bell curve
sum of basal energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, physical activity, thermoregulation, and nrg expended in depositing new tissues+producing milk
totl energy expenditure
ways to measure energy intake?
food frequency questionnaire, 24 hr recall, food records, food weighing
ways to measure energy expenditure?
direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, heart rate monitoring, estimated from activity, DLW
used to set previous RDA, calculates TEE using activity info in 24 hr period and nrg cost each activity
factorial approach
DLW uses these isotopes
H218O and 2H2O
what are steps in the development of EER equations?
1) DLW
2) obtain raw data using DLW
3) define inclusion and exclusion criteria
4) create, clean, document
5) data analysis, descriptive stats
6) create PAL intervals
7) create predictive equations
DLW exclusion criteria used for elite groups like:
soldiers, astronauts, athletes, ppl with PAL>2.5
main strength of BMI?
reflect relationship of weight and height
main limitation of BMI?
not best indicator of body adiposity
