Lipids

Question 0

What are triglycerides composed of?

Answer 0

3 fatty acids and a glycerol.

Question 1

Describe the structure of steroids.

Answer 1

Based on a 4 ring structure of 17 carbons. Varying side chains attached to this structure give different steroids.

Question 2

Describe the structure of a glycerol molecule.

Answer 2

3 carbon with an OH attached to each.

Question 3

Describe the structure of a fatty acid molecule.

Answer 3

A carboxylate acid group(COOH) at one end and a long hydrocarbon tail at the other.

Question 4

What does ‘saturated’ mean?

Answer 4

No double bonds between the carbon atoms in their tails. The fatty acid has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can be attached.

Question 5

What does ‘unsaturated’ mean?

Answer 5

There is at least one double bond between the carbon atoms and so have fewer hydrogen atoms than the maximum possible.

Question 6

What reaction forms triglycerides?

Answer 6

Condensation

Question 7

Give examples of saturated fatty acids

Answer 7

Palmitic

Stearic

Question 8

Give examples of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 8

Oleic

Linoleic

Question 9

How are the properties of a triglyceride determined?

Answer 9

By the properties of the fatty acids

Question 10

Describe the structure of a phospholipid

Answer 10

Hydrophilic head containing chlorine phosphate and glycerol

Hydrophobic head contain one saturated and one unsaturated tail

Question 11

What is the function of a triacylglycerol?

Answer 11

Storage in plants

Question 12

Give examples of the roles of lipids.

Answer 12

Energy store
Heat and nerve insulation
Fat pods
Vitamin transport
Hormones