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Lipids > Lipids 3 > Flashcards

Lipids 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do we get FA’s?

A
  • Diet

- Synthesis from excess carbs and proteins.

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2
Q

Where does FA synthesis occur in the body?

A
  • Liver
  • Lactating mammary gland
  • Adipose tissue
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3
Q

Where does synthesis occur in the cell?

A

Cytosol

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4
Q

What are FA’s synthesis from?

A

Acetyl CoA.

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5
Q

Where is the acetyl CoA produced that is used to synthesise fatty acids?

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

The citrate cycle occurs when what is in high concentration in the mitochondria?

A

Citrate

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7
Q

What 2 enzymes are required for FA synthesis?

A
  • Acetyl CoA carboxylase

- FA synthase

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8
Q

What are the requirements?

A
  • Acetyl CoA

- NADPH

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9
Q

What is the product?

A

Palmitic acid

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10
Q

What is acetyl CoA converted to at the start?

A

Malonyl CoA (this inhibits carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 to stop synthesis and degradation occurring at the same time)

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11
Q

What is acetyl CoA carboxylase activated by?

A
  • Citrate

- Insulin

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12
Q

What is acetyl CoA carboxylase deactivated by?

A
  • Palmitoyl CoA
  • Glucagon
  • Epinephrine
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13
Q

What does malonyl CoA combine with in the elongation reaction?

A

Acetyl ACP

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14
Q

What happens after the elongation?

A

The reverse of FA degradation

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15
Q

What is used in this reverse reaction instead of NADH?

A

NADPH

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16
Q

How many times is the elongation carried out and what is produced?

A

6 times. Palmitoyl ACP.

17
Q

How is palmitoyl CoA produced?

A

Cleaved from palmitoyl ACP.

18
Q

Where does the NADPH required come from? Hint: two different pathways

A
  • Pentose phosphate pathway

- Production of pyruvate from malate in the CAC produces NADPH.

19
Q

What happens to the FA after it has been synthesised?

A

It travels to the liver

20
Q

What happens to it in the liver and how is it transported to adipose tissue?

A

TAG is produced, transported through VLDL.

21
Q

What is the starting lipid for the production of steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

22
Q

What are eicosanoids produced from?

A
  • FA’s of longer than 20 C’s

- Omega 3/6 produced from linolenic acid

23
Q

What are 4 examples of eicosanoids?

A
  • Arachidonic acid
  • Prostaglandins
  • Leukotrienes
  • Thromboxanes
24
Q

What do prostaglandins do?

A

When released, pain and inflammation is caused

25
Q

What enzymes synthesise prostaglandins?

A

COX enzymes

Lipids (3 decks)

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