Lipids Flashcards
Primary source of fuel
Lipids
Commonly referred to as fats
Lipids
Conjugated lipids
Phospholipids
Most abundant lipids are derived from where?
Phosphatidic acid
Formed by the conjugation of two fatty acids and a phosphorylated glycerol
Phospholipids
Only phospholipid not derived from glycerol
Sphingomyelin
Sphingomyelin is derived from an amino alcohol called __________
Sphingosine
Sphingomyelin accumulates in the liver and spleen of patients suffering from what?
Niemann-Pick disease
Unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings and has a single C-H side chain tail similar to fatty acids
Cholesterol
True or False: Cholesterol serves as a source of fuel
False
Transport and excretion of cholesterol is promoted by what hormone?
Estrogen
Precursor of five major classes of steroids
Cholesterol
Cholesterol bound to fatty acid (hydrophobic form)
Cholesterol ester
Catalyzes the eterification of cholesterol by promoting the transfer of fatty acids from lecithin to cholesterol
Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT)
Activator of LCAT
Apo A-1
Polar nonesterified form of alcohol
Free cholesterol
Linear chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group
Fatty acids
Provide substance for conversion to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Fatty acids
Enzyme that hydrolyzes TAG in lipoproteins and release of fatty acid and glycerol
Lipoprotein lipase
Enzyme that hydrolyzes TAG and phospholipids from HDL
Hepatic lipase
Enzyme that hydrolyzes lipids on VLDL and IDL
Hepatic lipase
Catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol from HDL
LCAT
Enables HDL to accumulate cholesterol as cholesterol ester
LCAT
Hydrolyzes phospholipids and TAG in HDL
Endothelial lipase
Its main purpose is to transport TAG and cholesterol to sites of energy storage and utilization
Lipoproteins
Largest and least dense of the lipoprotein particles
Chylomicrons
Where are chylomicrons produced?
Intestine
Transports exogenous/dietary TAG to liver, muscles and fat depot
Chylomicrons
Which organ secretes VLDL?
Liver
Transports expgenous TAG from liver to muscle, fat depots and peripheral tissues
VLDL
Smallest lipoprotein and least dense
HDL
Alpha lipoprotein
HDL
Pre-beta lipoprotein
VLDL
Beta lipoprotein
LDL
Major end product resulting from the catabolism of VLDL
LDL
Most cholesterol-rich lipoprotein
LDL
Product of VLDL catabolism
Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)
Electrophoretic pattern of lipoproteins
HDL, VLDL, LDL, Chylomicrons
Subclass of LDL
IDL
“Sinking pre-B lipoprotein”
Lipoprotein a
Abnormal lpp found in obstructive jaundice and LCAT deficiency
Lipoprotein X
“Abnormally migrating B-VLDL”
B-VLDL/floating B-lpp
Reference mtd for the quantitation of lpp
Ultracentrifugation
