lipids 2 Flashcards
____ can be formed by things such as metabolism, smoking, uv light, drugs, pollutants and exercise eg
free radicals
two reactive species that targets the cell membranes
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
a type of RNS radical is _____, which is produced by WBC
nitric oxide
two types of ROS radicals and two types of ROS nonradicals
superoxide/hydroxyl
singlet oxygen/hydrogen peroxide
SUPEROXIDE is produced by:
- resp bursts in ____
- during norm metab in the ___
- during detox by ____ enzymes (phase 1)
WBC
ETC
cytochrome P450
H2O2 is produced during resp burst of WBC OR ____ (repurfusion injury)
hypoxia
- in the presence of free iron, cu, cr, or co, a __ radical can form
- superoxide can react with h2o2 to form the ___ radical
hydroxyl
hydroxyl
the most potent of all ROS/RNS that can attack ANY compound in the body, including DNA
hydroxyl radicals
SINGLET O2 is produced during ____ (UV) and resp burst of WBC
photooxidation
HYDROXYL radical is produced by WBC resp burst and:
tissue damage
H2O2 can be quenched by either ___, which req IRON or ____, which requires selenium
catalase
glutathione peroxidase
superoxide is quenched by______
- when in the ____ it req Cu and Zn
- when in the ___ it req Manganese
superoxide dismutase
cytosol
mitochondria
ONOO-, or peroxynitrite is ___ + ____ and can fragment DNA
superoxide + nitric oxider
vit c, B-carotene, coQ10 and glutathione can all regenerate:
vit e
lipids can be transported by HDL (made of mostly protein), which contains ____, an LDL receptor ligand and _____, which activates LCAT to pick up free cholesterol
ApoE
ApoA-1
