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Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids contains what elements

A

CHO
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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2
Q

Lipids are soluble in

A

Organic solvents (Alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene)

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3
Q

Lipids are insoluble in

A

Water due to predominance of hydrocarbon chains

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4
Q

Fatty acid derivatives serves as

A

Hormones

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5
Q

Source of fat soluble Vitamins

A

ADEK
Vit. A,D,E,K

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6
Q

Energy sources, biosynthetic precursors

A

Fatty acid

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7
Q

Storage, transport, metabolic intermediates

A

Glycerides

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8
Q

Energy sources

A

Ketone bodies

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9
Q

Modulator of physiologic activity

A

Eicosanoids

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10
Q

Esters of fatty acids with alcohols

A

Simple lipids

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11
Q

Esters of fatty acids with glycerol

A

Fats and oils

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12
Q

Esters of fatty acids (usually long chain) with alcohols other than glycerol

A

Waxes

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13
Q

Esters of fatty acids with alcohols other containing additional groups such as phosphate, nitrogenous base, carbohydrates or protein

A

Complex lipids

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14
Q

Lipids and phosphoric acid and nitrogenous base. Alcohol and FA

A

Phospholipids

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15
Q

Phospholipids with glycerol as alcohol

A

Glycerophospholipids

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16
Q

Examples of glycerophospholipids

A

Cephalin
Lecithin

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17
Q

Phospholipids with spingosine as alcohol

A

Sphingophospholipids

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18
Q

Example of sphingophospholipids

A

Sphingomyeline

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19
Q

Major lipid constituents of cellular membranes, high concentrations in the lipids of glandular organs, blood plasma, egg yolk and in the seeds of legumes

A

Phospholipids

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20
Q

Phospholipids comprise how many percent in erythrocyte membrane

A

40%

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21
Q

Phospholipids comprise how many percent in inner mitochondrial membrane

A

95%

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22
Q

Phospholipids comprise how many percent in cardiolipin (phosphoglyceride)

A

20%

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23
Q

Phospholipids can self-assemble into “bubbles” or

A

Micelle

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24
Q

Are built from long chain, hydroxylated bases rather than from glycerol

A

Sphingolipids

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25
Bases that is found in the animals and is more common
Sphingosine
26
A product when sphingosine amino group is acylated with FA
Ceramide
27
Phosphosphingolipids- 1o hydroxyl group is esterified with choline phosphate, the lipid is known as
Spingomyelin
28
29
Glycophingolipids- 1o hydroxyl group is substituted with a carbohydrate glycosphingolipids that contain the sugar sialic acid in the carbohydrate portion called
Gangliosides
30
Simplest phospholipid intermediate in the synthesis if TAG and phospholipid
Phosphatidic acid
31
Most abubdant in the cell membranes chemically
Lecithin (Phosphatidylcholine)
32
An important phosphatidylcholine found in the lungs; preventing lungs to collapse
Dipalmitoyl lecithin
33
It participates in blood clotting. Ethanolamine is the nitrogenous base
Cephalins (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
34
It is where myo-inositol is attached. It is important component of cell membranes and act as second messenger for hormonal action
Phosphatidylinositol
35
Serine as the base
Phosphatidylserine
36
Brain and muscle contain a good concentration. The resultant compound when a fatty acids is attached by an ether linkage at C1 of glycerol in the glycerophospholipids
Plasmalogen
37
The most important for the ether linkage in place of ester
Phosphatidaleethanolamine
38
What may substitute ethanolamine to give other plasmolagens
Choline, Inositol, Serine
39
First isolated from the heart muscle. An important component of inner mitochondrial membrane
Cardiolipin
40
Are derivatives obtained on the hydrolysis of group I and group ll lipids which then retain the characteristics of the original lipids
Derived lipids
41
Derived lipids examples
Glycerol and other alcohols FA Mono and diacylglycerols Lipid soluble vit. ADEK Steroid hormones Hydrocarbons Ketone bodies Carotenoids Squalene Pentacosane Terpenes
42
Simplest form of lipids and are carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains. Have long hydrocarbon chains and even number of C atoms
Fatty acids
43
Have the maximum number of hydrogens covalently bonded to the C chain of the R group. No double bonds between C atoms
Saturated Fatty Acid
44
Has at least one double bonds and this decreases the no. of hydrogen atoms that can bond to the carbon chains.
Unsaturated FA
45
Unsaturated Fatty acid examples
Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Oleic acid
46
Also called Essential FA
Unsaturated FA
47
Unsaturated fats can be found in what dietary sources
Plant and fish Vegetable oils
48
Palmitic acid is saturated or unsaturated
Saturated
49
Palmitoleic acid is saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
50
Palmitate nomenclature
C16:0
51
Stearate nomenclature
C18:0
52
Oleate
C18: 1
53
Linolenate nomeclature
C18:3
54
Linoleate nomenclature
C18:2
55
Arachidonate
C20: 4
56
Suffix -ANOIC is what type of FA
Saturated FA
57
Suffix -ENOIC is what type of FA
Unsaturated FA
58
What are the Essential Amino acid
PVT TIM HLL (Phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, Leucine, Lysine)
59
What are the Nonessential amino acid
Mnemonic: 4AG Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Glutamic acud
60
Essential amino acids result in
Toad skin or phrynoderma
61
Compounds related to eicosa-polyenoic acid and are firmed from 20C polyunsaturated
Eicosanoids
62
Eicosanoids make up an important group or compounds and these are
Prostaglandins, Prostacyclin, leukotrienes, thromboxanes
63
Hydrolysis of TAG by alkali to produce glycerol and soaps is known as
Saponification
64
Due to oxidation of uFA resulting to the formation of unpleasant products
Oxidative rancidity
65
Lipid Peroxidation in vivo- In living cells, lipids undergo oxidation to produce ___and___ that can damage the tissue
Peroxides and free radicals
66
Storage form of FA
TAG
67
TAG fromation occurs primarily in
Liver and adipose tissue
68
Commonly known as neutral fats
TAG
69
Storage of fats
Triacylglycerols
70
Storage if triacylglycerol
Adipocytes
71
Contains the same type of FA residye at all the 3 C
Simple triacylglycerol
72
More common and contain 2 or 3 different types of FA residues
Mixed triacylglycerol
73
What are the group of enzymes that hydrolyse phospholipids
A1, A2, C and D
74
Important constituents of cell membranes and nervous tissue
Glycosphingolipids
75
Simplest form of glycolipids
Cerebrosides
76
Found in ganglions and are the most complex
Gangliosides
77
For fat transport
Chylomicrons
78
Precursors of all other steroids and important component of cell membranes
Cholesterol
79
Cholesterol is important in synthesis of
Bile acids, hormones, and Vit. D
80
A compound containing a cyclic steroid nucleus (or rings)
Steroids
81
Contains one or more hydroxyl groups
Sterol
82
Precursor of Vit D and it occurs in plants and yeast
Ergosterol
83
Share the same parent compound as cholesterol
Polyprenoids
84
Participates in the respiratory chain in mitochondria
Ubiquinone
85
Long chain of alcohol
Dolichol
86
Derived isoprenoid compounds
Plant
87
An antioxidant vitamin
Vitamin E
88
It controls and reduce lipid peroxidation
Antioxidants

Biochemistry (7 decks)

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