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Topic 1 Biological molecules > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are lipids insoluble in

A

Water

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2
Q

What are lipids soluble in

A

Organic solvent

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3
Q

What elements do lipids contain

A

H C and O however may contain others

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4
Q

What are fatty acids

A

A long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at the end

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5
Q

How many types of fatty acids are there

A

70 types

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6
Q

What is the general formula for fatty acids

A

CnH2nO2

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7
Q

What are triglycerides

A

Natural fats and oils

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8
Q

What do triglycerides consist of

A

A glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

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9
Q

What reaction forms a triglyceride

A

A condensation reaction

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10
Q

Why are lipids useful for organisms

A

Excellent energy store for animals

low mass : energy so a large amount of energy in a small volume

Large and nonpolar- soluble in water with no effect on Water potential

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11
Q

What bond joins fatty acids to glycerol

A

Ester bond

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12
Q

What are the types of fatty acids

A

saturated and unsaturated

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13
Q

What does a saturated fatty acid mean

A

No double bond between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain

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14
Q

What does a unsaturated fatty acid mean

A

More than one double bond between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain

Molecule is able to bend

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15
Q

What does a phospholipid consist of

A

a glycerol molecule joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate molecule

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16
Q

What are some uses for phospholipids

A

Polar so when they are in aqueous environment a bilayer can form and they are the main component of cell membranes

Create a hydrophobic core in the phospholipid bilayer

hydrophobic head means the phospholipid can be used to

From glycolipids allowing the CSM to recognise cells

17
Q

What type of head does a phospholipid have

A

Hydrophylic head

18
Q

What type of tail does a phospholipid have

A

Hydrophobic tail

19
Q

What is glycerol

A

An alcohol molecule with a formula C3H8O3

20
Q

How does a phospholipid differ from a triglyceride

A

A phospholipid has a phosphate group and 2 fatty acids

A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids

21
Q

How would you test for a lipid

A

Add ethanol to food molecules, shake then add water

If a white milky substance is shown, lipids are present if its colourless they are not

22
Q

What result shows a positive ethanol test

A

White milky water

23
Q

What are the two types of unsaturated tryglycerides

A

Monosaturated-1 double bond between carbon molecules

Polysaturated-many double bonds between carbon molecules

24
Q

What type of reaction forms an ester bond

A

Condensation reaction

25
Q

What are the functions of triglycerides

A

Energy storage- when TGs are oxidised bonds break releasing energy used to produce ATP

Insulation - part of the myelin sheath which surround nerve fibres which increases speed of nerve impulse transmission

Buoyancy- low density of fat tissue allows the ability for animals to float more easily

Protection- helps protect organs in mammals from the risk of damage due to the adipose tissue in mammals

26
Q

Name the group represented by COOH

A

Carboxyl

27
Q

Describe the formation of triglycerides

A

One glycerol and 3 fatty acids joined by an ester bond in a condensation reaction by removing 3 water molecules

28
Q

Describe how an ester bond is formed in a phospholipid molecule

A

In a condensation reaction due to a loss of water. The bond is formed between the glycerol and fatty acid

Topic 1 Biological molecules (7 decks)

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