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Biochemistry I > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids structure

A

chain

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2
Q

Lipids are transported throughout the body for…

A

energy storage

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3
Q

Lipids self-assemble to form…

A

micelles

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4
Q

How do lipids participate in cell signaling?

A

By binding proteins

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5
Q

Fatty acid structure

A

carboxylic acid followed by hydrocarbon chain

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6
Q

Fatty acids usually contain an _____ number of carbons

A

even

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7
Q

Fatty acids become _____ when they’re components of a liquid

A

esterfied

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8
Q

Why are the melting points of unsaturated fatty acids lower than saturated fatty acids?

A

Because unsaturated FAs tend to be in a cis conformation which reduces the molecule’s density

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9
Q

Palmitic acid melting point

A

63.1

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10
Q

Stearic acid MP

A

69.6

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11
Q

Behenic acid MP

A

81.5

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12
Q

Lignoceric acid MP

A

88

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13
Q

Palmitic acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)14COOH

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14
Q

Stearic acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)18COOH

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15
Q

Behenic acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)20COOH

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16
Q

Lignoceric acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)22COOH

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17
Q

Palmitic acid IUPAC

A

Hexadecenoic acid

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18
Q

Stearic acid IUPAC

A

Octadecanoic acid

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19
Q

Behenic acid IUPAC

A

Docosanoic acid

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20
Q

Lignoceric acid IUPAC

A

Tetracosanoic acid

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21
Q

Palmitoleic acid MP

A

-0.5

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22
Q

Oleic acid MP

23
Q

Linoleic acid MP

24
Q

Nervonic acid MP

25
Q

Palmitoleic acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

26
Q

Oleic acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

27
Q

Linoleic acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)4CH=CH(CH2)2(CH2)6COOH

28
Q

Nervonic acid structure

A

CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)13COOH

29
Q

Palmitoleic acid IUPAC

A

9-Hexadecanoic acid

30
Q

Oleic acid IUPAC

A

9-octadecanoic acid

31
Q

Linoleic acid IUPAC

A

9,12-octadecadienoic acid

32
Q

Nervonic acid IUPAC

A

15-Tetracosenoic acid

33
Q

What molecule are hormones derived from

A

cholesterol

34
Q

2 major sources of energy storage

A

glycogen and triaglycerols

35
Q

What happens after glycogen reserves are used up

A

full body mobilization of triaglycerols

36
Q

How are triaglycerols stored

A

in anhydrous form

37
Q

Traiglyceride fatty acids are…

A

much more chemically reduced compared to monosaccharides

38
Q

What 2 processes do bile salts carry out

A

1) emulsification of triaglycerides into micelles
2) transport of the micelles across the intestinal lining

39
Q

Glycogen is highly hydrophilic

40
Q

Does glycogen or triaglycerides hold more energy?

A

triaglycerides

41
Q

Bile salts are a derivative of what molecule

A

cholesterol

42
Q

Pancreatic lipase carries out what reaction

A

converting triaglycerol into 2-monoacylglycerol using 2H2O and producing 2 free FAs

43
Q

Phospholipase carries out what reaction

A

converting glycerophospholipid to lysophosphoglyceride using H2O

44
Q

I-FABP

A

chaperones FAs inside cells to make them soluble and prevent them from disrupting membranes

45
Q

Dietary lipids are repackaged into _____ for distribution

A

lipoproteins

46
Q

Chylomicrons are ______ synthesized in ______ cells

A

lipoproteins, intestinal

47
Q

Cholesterol combines with _____ in intestinal cells to form _____ absorbed in chylomicrons

A

Acetyl CoA, esters

48
Q

Chylomicron pathway

A

Intestinal cells -> lymph -> peripheral tissues -> liver -> LDL, IDL, VLDL

49
Q

Lipoprotein lipase

A

clears chylomicron triaglycerides from blood
Removes TAG in VLDL

50
Q

What activates lipoprotein lipase

A

apo C-11, a small apoprotein within chylomicron

51
Q

Reduction pathway of VLDL

A

VLDL -> IDL -> LDL

52
Q

What does HDL do

A

transports excess cholesterol back to liver from tissues

53
Q

LDL

A

enriched in cholesterol and cholesterol esters relative to VLDL and IDL
delivery lipoprotein
contains very little TAG

54
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

LDL buildup causing LDL deposition on blood vessel walls

Biochemistry I (13 decks)

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