Lipids

Question 1

Lipids structure

Answer 1

chain

Question 2

Lipids are transported throughout the body for…

Answer 2

energy storage

Question 3

Lipids self-assemble to form…

Answer 3

micelles

Question 4

How do lipids participate in cell signaling?

Answer 4

By binding proteins

Question 5

Fatty acid structure

Answer 5

carboxylic acid followed by hydrocarbon chain

Question 6

Fatty acids usually contain an _____ number of carbons

Answer 6

even

Question 7

Fatty acids become _____ when they’re components of a liquid

Answer 7

esterfied

Question 8

Why are the melting points of unsaturated fatty acids lower than saturated fatty acids?

Answer 8

Because unsaturated FAs tend to be in a cis conformation which reduces the molecule’s density

Question 9

Palmitic acid melting point

Answer 9

63.1

Question 10

Stearic acid MP

Answer 10

69.6

Question 11

Behenic acid MP

Answer 11

81.5

Question 12

Lignoceric acid MP

Answer 12

88

Question 13

Palmitic acid structure

Answer 13

CH3(CH2)14COOH

Question 14

Stearic acid structure

Answer 14

CH3(CH2)18COOH

Question 15

Behenic acid structure

Answer 15

CH3(CH2)20COOH

Question 16

Lignoceric acid structure

Answer 16

CH3(CH2)22COOH

Question 17

Palmitic acid IUPAC

Answer 17

Hexadecenoic acid

Question 18

Stearic acid IUPAC

Answer 18

Octadecanoic acid

Question 19

Behenic acid IUPAC

Answer 19

Docosanoic acid

Question 20

Lignoceric acid IUPAC

Answer 20

Tetracosanoic acid

Question 21

Palmitoleic acid MP

Answer 21

-0.5

Question 22

Oleic acid MP

Answer 22

12

Question 23

Linoleic acid MP

Answer 23

39

Question 24

Nervonic acid MP

Answer 24

39

Question 25

Palmitoleic acid structure

Answer 25

CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

Question 26

Oleic acid structure

Answer 26

CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

Question 27

Linoleic acid structure

Answer 27

CH3(CH2)4CH=CH(CH2)2(CH2)6COOH

Question 28

Nervonic acid structure

Answer 28

CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)13COOH

Question 29

Palmitoleic acid IUPAC

Answer 29

9-Hexadecanoic acid

Question 30

Oleic acid IUPAC

Answer 30

9-octadecanoic acid

Question 31

Linoleic acid IUPAC

Answer 31

9,12-octadecadienoic acid

Question 32

Nervonic acid IUPAC

Answer 32

15-Tetracosenoic acid

Question 33

What molecule are hormones derived from

Answer 33

cholesterol

Question 34

2 major sources of energy storage

Answer 34

glycogen and triaglycerols

Question 35

What happens after glycogen reserves are used up

Answer 35

full body mobilization of triaglycerols

Question 36

How are triaglycerols stored

Answer 36

in anhydrous form

Question 37

Traiglyceride fatty acids are...

Answer 37

much more chemically reduced compared to monosaccharides

Question 38

What 2 processes do bile salts carry out

Answer 38

1) emulsification of triaglycerides into micelles 2) transport of the micelles across the intestinal lining

Question 39

Glycogen is highly hydrophilic

Answer 39

true

Question 40

Does glycogen or triaglycerides hold more energy?

Answer 40

triaglycerides

Question 41

Bile salts are a derivative of what molecule

Answer 41

cholesterol

Question 42

Pancreatic lipase carries out what reaction

Answer 42

converting triaglycerol into 2-monoacylglycerol using 2H2O and producing 2 free FAs

Question 43

Phospholipase carries out what reaction

Answer 43

converting glycerophospholipid to lysophosphoglyceride using H2O

Question 44

I-FABP

Answer 44

chaperones FAs inside cells to make them soluble and prevent them from disrupting membranes

Question 45

Dietary lipids are repackaged into _____ for distribution

Answer 45

lipoproteins

Question 46

Chylomicrons are ______ synthesized in ______ cells

Answer 46

lipoproteins, intestinal

Question 47

Cholesterol combines with _____ in intestinal cells to form _____ absorbed in chylomicrons

Answer 47

Acetyl CoA, esters

Question 48

Chylomicron pathway

Answer 48

Intestinal cells -> lymph -> peripheral tissues -> liver -> LDL, IDL, VLDL

Question 49

Lipoprotein lipase

Answer 49

clears chylomicron triaglycerides from blood Removes TAG in VLDL

Question 50

What activates lipoprotein lipase

Answer 50

apo C-11, a small apoprotein within chylomicron

Question 51

Reduction pathway of VLDL

Answer 51

VLDL -> IDL -> LDL

Question 52

What does HDL do

Answer 52

transports excess cholesterol back to liver from tissues

Question 53

LDL

Answer 53

enriched in cholesterol and cholesterol esters relative to VLDL and IDL delivery lipoprotein contains very little TAG

Question 54

Atherosclerosis

Answer 54

LDL buildup causing LDL deposition on blood vessel walls