Amino Acid Degradation

Question 1

E1

Answer 1

ubiquitin-activation enzyme uses ATP to drive thioester bond formation on cys residue

Question 2

E2

Answer 2

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme donates ubiquitin to proteins via E3

Question 3

E3

Answer 3

ubiquitin-protein ligase forms isopeptide bond between ubiquitin and lys residues of its substrate protein

Question 4

UPS catalytic subunit

Answer 4

Protein hydrolysis: generates hydrolyzed proteins and amino acids through acyl enzyme intermediates

Question 5

Glucogenic amino acids

Answer 5

generate metabolites for glugoneogenesis via PEP carboxylase

Question 6

Ketogenic amino acids

Answer 6

Generate metabolites for fatty acid or ketone body production

Question 7

Amino acids that produce pyruvate

Answer 7

ala, cys, gly, ser, thr, and trp

Question 8

Amino acids that form a-ketoglutarate

Answer 8

arg, gln, glu, his, and pro

Question 9

Amino acids that form succinyl-coa

Answer 9

ile, met, thr, and val

Question 10

Branched, chain amino acid catabolism (ile, leu, val)

Answer 10

transamination, oxidative decarboxylation, and oxidation to form double bond

Question 11

Amino acids that form fumarate

Answer 11

asp, phe, tyr

Question 12

Amino acids that form acetoacetate

Answer 12

leu, lys, phe, trp, and tyr

Question 13

Amino acids that form acetyl-coa

Answer 13

ile, leu, lys, thr

Question 14

Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency

Answer 14

causes phenylketonuria
patients cannot metabolize phe so they accumulate pheylketones

Question 15

What amino acids are the only strictly ketogenic amino acids

Answer 15

leu and lys