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Clinical Chemistry 1 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Solidifies at room temperature, what may be the content?

A

Saturated fatty acid

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2
Q

Oil at room temperature, what may be the content?

A

Cis unsaturated fatty acid

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3
Q

Apolipoproteins found in HDL

A

Apo A-I
Apo A-II
Apo A-IV
Apo C-I
Apo C-II
Apo C-III
Apo E

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4
Q

Apolipoproteins found in Chylomicrons

A

Apo A-IV
Apo B-48
Apo C-I
Apo C-II
Apo C-III

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5
Q

Apolipoprotein found in LDL

A

Apo B-100

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6
Q

Apolipoprotein found in VLDL

A

Apo A-IV
Apo B-100
Apo C-I
Apo C-II
Apo C-III
Apo E

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7
Q

Largest but least dense lipoprotein; Carry the exogenous triglycerides

A

Chylomicron

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8
Q

Carry the endogenous triglycerides; Causes turbidity of fasting specimen

A

VLDL

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9
Q

Product of VLDL lipolysis; It carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues; bad cholesterol

A

LDL

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10
Q

Carry excess cholesterol from tissues back to liver; good cholesterol

A

HDL

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11
Q

HDL that are ready to accept lipids; discoidal and nascent

A

HDL1

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12
Q

Take Note!

A

HDL3 is more efficient due to larger size that can bring back more lipids from tissue to liver

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13
Q

Transient products of VLDL lipolysis

A

IDL

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14
Q

Mutated lipoprotein; Lacks Apo B-100 (replaced by albumin)

A

Lipoprotein X

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15
Q

Limits amount of cholesterol being absorbed by GIT

A

ABCG5 and ABCG8 Transporters (limiters)

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16
Q

Transporter for fatty acids

A

Albumin

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17
Q

Transporter for cholesterol

A

NPC1L1

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18
Q

Proteoglycans as receptor for chylomicron

A

Heparin sulfate

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19
Q

Critical in the activation of LPL

A

Apo C-II

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20
Q

Releases free fatty acids from triglycerides in stored fat during fasting

A

Hormone-sensitive lipase

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21
Q

Mobilization and hydrolysis of TGs from adipocytes

A

Epinephrine and Cortisol

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22
Q

Prevents lipolysis by adipocytes; promotes fat
storage and glucose utilization

A

Insulin

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23
Q

Take Note!

A

Majority of lipids carried by LDL is cholesterol

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24
Q

Responsible for converting cholesterol into useful substance

A

Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase

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25
Q

Responsible for esterification of lipids

A

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase

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26
Q

In Friedewald Method, VLDL in SI, plasma triglyceride is divided by

A

2.175

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27
Q

In Friedewald Method, VLDL in Conventional, plasma triglyceride is divided by

A

5.0

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28
Q

Fasting requirement for lipid determination

A

12-14 hours

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29
Q

Lipoproteins that require fasting

A

Triglycerides
LDL

30
Q

Lipoproteins that does not require fasting

A

Total cholesterol
HDL

31
Q

Take Note!

A

Lipid levels is proportional with age (metabolism slows down growing older)

32
Q

Conversion factor for cholesterol

A

0.026

33
Q

Conversion factor for triglycerides

A

0.0113

34
Q

Take Note!

A

Conventional (mg/dL) to SI (mmol/L) is multiplication

SI (mmol/L) to Conventional (mg/dL) is division

35
Q

Reference method for cholesterol analysis; uses Bloor’s reagent extraction

A

Abell Kendall / Abell-Levy-Brodie-Kendall

36
Q

Extract with Xeolite; reagent contains acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid; produces Cholestadienyl monosulfonic acid that is green in color

A

Liebermann-Burchard

37
Q

Reagent – choloform and sulfuric acid; produces Cholestadienyl disulfonic acid that is red in color

A

Salkowski

38
Q

Cholesteryl ester is converted into cholesterol via?

A

Cholesteryl esterase

39
Q

Cholesterol is converted in cholestenone via?

A

Cholesterol oxidase

40
Q

Take Note!

A

Reducing agent – falsely decrease
(ascorbic acid most common)

Oxidizing agent – falsely elevate
(soaps and detergents)

41
Q

Take Note!

A

HDL Measurement requires removal of LDL and VLDL

42
Q

LDL-Cholesterol and VLDL-Cholesterol can be precipitated using polyanions such as

A

Dextran sulfate magnesium
Heparin with manganese
Phosphotungstate with magnesium

43
Q

Formaldehyde + chromotropic acid; Acidic buffer results to red chromophore; Alkaline buffer results to blue chromophore

A

Van Handel Zilversmith

44
Q

Formaldehyde + diacetyl acetone →
diacetyl lutidine (produced faint green color)

A

Hantzsch Condensation

45
Q

Triglycerides are converted into fatty acids and glycerol via?

A

Bacterial lipase

46
Q

Glycerol is converted into glycerophosphate via?

A

Glycerokinase

47
Q

Glycerophosphate is converted into dihydroxyacetone via?

A

Glycerophosphate oxidase

48
Q

HDL is known as

A

Alpha-lipoprotein

49
Q

VLDL is known as

A

Pre-Beta-Lipoprotein

50
Q

LDL is known as

A

Beta-Lipoprotein

51
Q

Fastest lipoprotein to migrate in electrophoresis

A

HDL

52
Q

Slowest lipoprotein to migrate in electrophoresis

A

Chylomicron

53
Q

Frederick Classification: Low LDL; Altered Apo C-II; Increased chylomicron

A

Type I: Hyperchylomicronemia

54
Q

Frederick Classification: Low LDL receptor; increased LDL

A

Type IIa: Hypercholesterolemia

55
Q

Frederick Classification: Low LDL receptor and increased Apo B; Increased LDL and VLDL

A

Type IIb: Combined Hypercholesterolemia

56
Q

Frederick Classification: Apo E-II synthesis defect; Increased IDL

A

Type III: Dysbetalipoproteinemia

57
Q

Frederick Classification: Increased VLDL production; low elimination of VLDL; Increased VLDL

A

Type IV: Hyperlipemia

58
Q

Frederick Classification: Increased VLDL production; Low LPL; Increased VLDL and chylomicron

A

Type V: Hypertriglyceridemia

59
Q

Defective Apo B synthesis; VLDL, LDL and chylomicron not found in the plasma (contains Apo B); Deficiency in vitamins A, E and K

A

Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen – Kornzweig
Syndrome)

60
Q

Point mutation in Apo B; Decreased: LDL-C, TC; Decreased to normal: VLDL-C, TG

A

Hypobetalipoproteinemia

61
Q

Lipid storage disease; Sphingomyelin accumulation in bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes

A

Nieman-Pick disease

62
Q

Chromosome 9 mutation in ABCA1 gene; HDL and LDL deficiency; Low blood cholesterol (TC); Toxic accumulation of cholesterol in cells, reduced LDL levels

A

Tangier Disease

63
Q

ABCG8 and ABCG5 gene mutation; Elevated LDL-C during childhood; Accumulation of plant sterols in the plasma

A

Sitosterolemia

64
Q

Fish eye disease; accumulation of HDL that
results to opacity in eye; Low HDL, normal TC

A

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT)
deficiency

65
Q

Inability to clear chylomicron particles; Deficiency in Apo C-II

A

Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (Type V)

66
Q

Hexosaminidase A deficiency; Sphingolipids accumulation in the brain

A

Tay-Sach’s Disease

67
Q

Apo B-48 disorder; fat malabsorption and low level of plasma lipids

A

Chylomicron Retention Disease (Anderson’s
Disease)

68
Q

Agent that increases risk of atherosclerosis

A

Proatherogenic

69
Q

Prevents occurrence of atherosclerosis

A

Antiatherogenic

70
Q

Take Note!

A

FFA-albumins are fastest to migrate in electrophoresis (HDL if lipoprotein)

71
Q

In Ultracentrifugation, what is at the top and bottom?

A

Chylomicron - top
FFA-albumin - bottom (Highest density on bottom are free fatty acids due to albumin)

72
Q

IDL is known as

A

Broad Beta-Lipoprotein

Clinical Chemistry 1 (5 decks)

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