Lipids Flashcards
Give two examples of lipid macromolecule
- Triglyceride
- Phospholipid
Draw the structure of glycerol
3 carbons
5 H
3OH
Draw the structure of fatty acids
Double bond connecting O and C
OH-C
What type of reaction forms triglycerides?
Condensation reaction
What else is formed in the condensation reaction to form triglycerides?
3 molecules of water
What is the name of the bond that holds together the glycerol and fatty acids in triglycerides?
Ester bond
Describe the structure of triglycerides
1 molecule of glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acid molecules by an ester bond
What makes a fatty acid unsaturated?
Double bonds between carbon atoms
Which one is a liquid at room temperature
saturate or unsaturated fatty acids?
Unsaturated
This is because the double chain causes the molecule to bend, so the molecules cannot pack together closely
What makes a fatty acid saturated
No double bonds between carbon atoms
Which one is more healthy to the human diet, saturated or unsaturated triglycerides?
Unsaturated
note: the triglycerid is saturated/unsatured because of the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid, they ome hand in hand
Define an ester bond
A covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction between the -OH group of a carboxyllic acid and the -OH group of an alcohol
bc REMEMBER GCSE CHEMISTRY, carboxyllic acids and alcohols bond togehter to form ESTERS, so here the ESTER BOND is just holding together the ESTER that is made from the glycerol and fatty acid
Glycerol is an [blank]
fill in the blank
alcohol
Fatty acids are [blank]
fill in the blank
carboxyllic acids
What type of bond is involved in the formation of a phospholipid?
Phosphate ester bond
bc/ its a phosphate JOINED to an ester!!!
What type of reaction is involved in the formation of a phospholipid?
Condensation reaction
What else is produced in the formation of phospholipids?
1 molecule of water
Describe the structure of phospholiipid
1 molecule of glycogen
2 fatty acid tails
A phosphate group
What does hydrophyllic mean?
Water loving
What does hydrophobic mean?
Water hating
Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophyllic?
The phosphate head
Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?
The fatty acid tails
Why is it that macromolecules are not polymers?
They are not composed of multiple monomers joined together
What is the function of cholesterol?
Helps to maintain stability and fluidity in the cell
