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Biological Molecules > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give two examples of lipid macromolecule

A
  1. Triglyceride
  2. Phospholipid
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2
Q

Draw the structure of glycerol

A

3 carbons
5 H
3OH

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3
Q

Draw the structure of fatty acids

A

Double bond connecting O and C
OH-C

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4
Q

What type of reaction forms triglycerides?

A

Condensation reaction

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

What else is formed in the condensation reaction to form triglycerides?

A

3 molecules of water

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7
Q

What is the name of the bond that holds together the glycerol and fatty acids in triglycerides?

A

Ester bond

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8
Q

Describe the structure of triglycerides

A

1 molecule of glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acid molecules by an ester bond

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9
Q

What makes a fatty acid unsaturated?

A

Double bonds between carbon atoms

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10
Q

Which one is a liquid at room temperature
saturate or unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Unsaturated

This is because the double chain causes the molecule to bend, so the molecules cannot pack together closely

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11
Q

What makes a fatty acid saturated

A

No double bonds between carbon atoms

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12
Q

Which one is more healthy to the human diet, saturated or unsaturated triglycerides?

A

Unsaturated

note: the triglycerid is saturated/unsatured because of the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid, they ome hand in hand

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13
Q

Define an ester bond

A

A covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction between the -OH group of a carboxyllic acid and the -OH group of an alcohol

bc REMEMBER GCSE CHEMISTRY, carboxyllic acids and alcohols bond togehter to form ESTERS, so here the ESTER BOND is just holding together the ESTER that is made from the glycerol and fatty acid

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14
Q

Glycerol is an [blank]

fill in the blank

A

alcohol

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15
Q

Fatty acids are [blank]

fill in the blank

A

carboxyllic acids

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16
Q

What type of bond is involved in the formation of a phospholipid?

A

Phosphate ester bond

bc/ its a phosphate JOINED to an ester!!!

17
Q

What type of reaction is involved in the formation of a phospholipid?

A

Condensation reaction

18
Q

What else is produced in the formation of phospholipids?

A

1 molecule of water

19
Q

Describe the structure of phospholiipid

A

1 molecule of glycogen
2 fatty acid tails
A phosphate group

20
Q

What does hydrophyllic mean?

A

Water loving

21
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Water hating

22
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophyllic?

A

The phosphate head

23
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

The fatty acid tails

24
Q

Why is it that macromolecules are not polymers?

A

They are not composed of multiple monomers joined together

25
Q

What is the function of cholesterol?

A

Helps to maintain stability and fluidity in the cell

Biological Molecules (4 decks)

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