Lipids Flashcards
Functions of Triglycerides
• Energy storage*
• Insulating and protecting organs
• Cellular membrane fluidity
• Fat soluble vitamin transport
Cholesterol is a component of: (5)
-Bile acids
-Progesterone
-Vitamin D
-Glucocorticoids
-Minerocorticoids
Function of cholesterol
Cell membrane fluidity
Sources of cholesterol
• De novo: endogenous (70-80%)-liver
• Diet
Cholesterol is eliminated through conversion by:
The liver to salts of bile acids
ApoB
Atherogenic: Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL (“Bad”), Lp (A)
ApoA
Cardioprotective-HDL (“good”)
Main component of chylomicrons
Triglycerides
Chylomicrons are:
Exogenous: 12 hours to clear circulation
VLDL are the predominant carrier of:
Blood triglycerides
VLDLs are:
Endogenous*
IDLs are formed after:
Removal of some triglycerides from VLDL
LDLS are formed after:
Removal of triglycerides from IDL
LDLs carry:
Cholesterol to be deposited into tissues
Lp(a)
• LDL particle with additional lipoprotein attachment
• Highly heritable*, tend to be stable over time
Components of LDL
-45% cholesterol, 10% triglycerides, 20% phosphates, 25% protein
HDL is synthesized by:
Liver and small intestines
HDLs carry a higher percentage of:
Protein
(50% protein, 1-5% triglycerides, 15% cholesterol, 30% phospholipid)
Total Cholesterol: Desirable Level
125-200 mg/dL
LDLc Levels
<100: Optimal*
100-129: Near Optimal*
130-159: Borderline high*
160-189: high
>190: Very High
HDLc: Desirable Levels
• Men: >40 mg/dL
• Women: >46 mg/dL
HDLc tends to have an inverse relationship with:
Triglycerides
TC: HDL Ratio provides insight into balance between:
Atherogenic and cardioprotective lipoproteins
TC:HDL Radio: Average Risk
• 5:1 (males)
• 4.5:1 (females)
-3:1 (Ideal Ratio)
Non-HDL Cholesterol =
TC-HDLc
Non-HDL Cholesterol includes cholesterol carried by: (4)
VLDL, IDL, LDL, Lp(a)
Non-HDL Cholesterol: Desirable Level
LDL target + 30 mg/dL
Triglycerides: Desirable Level
Desirable: <150 mg/dL
HLP IIa: Description
Excessive LDL-c in circulation and excessive deposition in peripheral tissue