Important Values/Labs Flashcards
Abnormal: Random (Casual) Blood Glucose
> 200mg/dL
Abnormal Fasting Blood Glucose**
• Impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes): 100-125
• Diabetes mellitus: >125
Abnormal Two-Hour Post-Prandial Test
-140-199: Prediabetes
->200: Diabetes Mellitus
“Diagnostic Value” for 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose
> 240
Hemoglobin A1c
• Normal: <5.7%
• **Abnormal:
• Prediabetes: 5.7-6.4%
• Diabetes: >6.4%
• Goal for treatment: <7%
Total Cholesterol: Desirable Level
125-200mg/dL
LDLc
<100: Optimal
100-129: Near Optimal
130-159: Borderline High
160-189: High
>190: Very High
HDLc
• Men: >40 mg/dL
• Women: >46 mg/dL
TC: HDL Ratio
Average risk:
• 5:1 (males)
• 4.5:1 (females)
-3:1 (ideal ratio)
Triglycerides:
• <150 mg/dL
HLP IIa: Lab Findings
• Lab Findings
• Serum cholesterol increased
• Homozygous – 500-1200 mg/dL
• Heterozygous – 250-500 mg/dL
-LDL>190mg/dL
Dyslipidemia: Diet/Lifestyle
• **Ranges indicative of diet/lifestyle factors:
• Total cholesterol: 200-250
• LDLc: 100-190
• Triglycerides: 150-250
HLP IV: Lab Findings
• **Increased triglycerides: 250-500mg/dL
• *Decreased HDL: <40 mg/dL (males), <46mg/dL (females)
Total Cholesterol: <90
-Malignancy
-Malabsorption
-Anemia
-Hypothyroidism
-Chronic liver disease
Total Cholesterol: 400-500
Acute Cholestasis
Total Cholesterol: 700-800
Chronic Cholestasis
Triglycerides <40
-Malignancy
-Malabsorption
-Anemia
-Hypothyroidism
-Chronic Liver Disease
Total Cholesterol: Diet/Lifestyle
-200-250
-Diabetes Mellitus, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, obstructive liver disease, pregnancy, medication
Two general categories of hypoglycemia
-Fasting Hypoglycemia
-Reactive Hypoglycemia
Recommendations for lowering risk of CHD
-Decrease saturated fats: Lower LDL
(Replace w/ monounsaturated fats)
-Consume zero trans fats
-Exercise
-Limit alcohol/smoking
Causes of high serum cholesterol, excluding familial hypercholesterolemia & diet/lifestyle factors?
-Billary
-Hypothyroidism
-Chronic kidney disease
-Pancreatitis
-Pregnancy
-Medications
Dietary Changes to increase HDL (HLP IV)
-Limiting simple carbs
-EPA/DHA
-Niacin
-Red Yeast Rice
What can be ruled out with high ALP & normal GGT?
Chronic Liver Disease
What enzyme and isoenzyme is elevated in macrocytic anemia?
AST & LDH-1
Expected CBC findings with Hepatitis?
Leukopenia w/ Lymphocytosis
Which enzymes and isoenzymes would be elevated in muscular dystrophy?
-CPK-3, LDH-5, AST
