Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pathology II > Calcium/Phosphorus > Flashcards

Calcium/Phosphorus Flashcards

1
Q

Normal: Serum Ca/Ph & Urine Ph/Ca

A

-Serum Ca: 8.5-10.5
-Serum Ph: NL
-Urine Ph: NL
-Urine Ca: NL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“What Hormones are associated with Increased Calcium”

A

-“PTH”: Quickly
-“Active D3”: Slower Acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“What hormones are associated with decreased calcium”

A

-“Calcitonin”: Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary Hyperthyroidism
-Serum Ca
-Serum P
-Urine P
-Urine Ca

A

-Serum Ca: Increased
-Serum P: Decreased
-Urine P: Increased
-Urine Ca: Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secondary Hypoparathyroidism
-Serum Ca
-Serum P
-Urine P
-Urine Ca

A

-Serum Ca: Decreased/Normal
-Serum P: Increased
-Urine P: Decreased
-Urine Ca: Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
-Serum Ca
-Serum P
-Urine P
-Urine Ca

A

-Serum Ca: Increased
-Serum P: Increased
-Urine P: Decreased
-Urine Ca: Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do we have a positive/negative calcium balance?

A

-Positive: Childhood for skeletal growth
-Negative: Old age/disease states (Calcium output > input)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hormones involved in increasing plasma calcium

A

• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plasma calcium lowering hormone

A

Calcitonin: C-Cells in the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does PTH act on bone?

A

Stimulates osteoclastic activity (release of CaPO4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does PTH act on the kidney?

A
  1. Excretion of phosphorus (decreased reabsorption)
  2. Reabsorption of Ca2+ in kidney
  3. Activation of D3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1,25 DHCC: Actions

A

Absorption of calcium from intestine
-Deposition & resorption of calcium salts in bone
-Direct PTH-like effects on renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Total Calcium: Normal limits

A

8.5-10.5mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MCC of hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MCC of hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Decreased Serum Calcium levels induced _______ secretion of PTH

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Serum Calcium Testing is used to evalutate

A

Parathyroid function and calcium metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Excess vitamin D ingestion can:

A

Increased Serum calcium by increasing GI & renal absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Intestinal malabsorption & renal failure is associated w/:

A

Low serum calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Plasma albumin levels ______ calcium

A

Parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Low pH = ______ ionized calcium

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

High pH = _____ ionized calcium

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Normal Calcium findings: Adult

A

*8.5-10.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

*Mneumonic for remembering hypercalcemia

A

“CHIMPS”
-Cancers
-Hyperthyroidism
-Iatrogenic
-Multiple Myeloma
-Primary Hyperparathyroidism
-Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What bone diseases are associated with hypocalcemia?

A

Osteomalacia & Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

________ can bind phosphorus and decrease absorption

A

Antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

There is a _____ relationship between calcium and phospohrus

A

Inverse*

28
Q

Renal failure is associated with

A

Hyperphosphatemia

29
Q

Vitamin D deficiency, Rickets and Osteomalacia are assocaited with:

A

Hypocalcemia & Hypophosphatemia
(Decreased Ca, Increased PTH, More phosphorus excreted in urine)

30
Q

Hyperparathyroidism: PTH, Serum Calcium, Phosphorus Levels

A

-Increased PTH
-Increased Serum Calcium
-Decreased Phosphorus

31
Q

Hypoparathyroidism: PTH, serum calcium, serum phosphate

A

-Decreased PTH
-Decreased Serum Calcium
-Increased Serum Phosphate

(ALP normal)

32
Q

Most common cause of Hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenoma

33
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hypocalcemia

A

• Tetany
• Paresthesia: Early
• Convulsions: Later
• Neuromuscular irritability (muscular twitching) (Chvostek’s sign Trousseau’s test)
• Mental changes: Irritability & Psychosis

34
Q

Hyperparathyroidism-Primary Findings

A

• Increased PTH
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypophosphatemia

• Increased ALP
• Increased serum vitamin D

• Hyperphosphaturia
• Hypercalciuria

35
Q

“Stones” (Hypercalcemia)

A

Nephrolithiasis-Most frequent clinical manifest.

36
Q

“Bones” (Hypercalcemia)

A

Metabolic bone disease-Osteoporosis, Fracture

37
Q

“Psychiatric Overtones” (Hypercalcemia)

A

Depressed Nervous System-Fatigue, depression, confusion, coma

38
Q

“Groans” (Hypercalcemia)

A

Peptic Ulcer & Constipation

39
Q

Thrones” (Hypercalcemia)

A

Polyuria

40
Q

MC Cause of Secondary Hyperthyroidism

A

Chronic Kidney Disease*

41
Q

Lab Findings w/ CKD

A

• Increased PTH
• Hypocalcemia or normocalcemia*
• Hyperphosphatemia*
• Decreased serum vitamin D*
• Decreased phosphate in urine*
• Hypercalciuria

42
Q

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism is a progression of

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

43
Q

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: Lab Findings

A

• Significant elevation of PTH*
• Hypercalcemia
• Hyperphosphatemia

44
Q

Liver Disease: ____ BUN

A

Decreased

45
Q

Kidney Disease: ____ BUN

A

Increased

46
Q

BUN: Interfering Factors

A

• Changes in protein intake can alter BUN
• Over (decreased)/under (increased) hydration
• Certain drugs

47
Q

Any cause of reduced renal blood flow or increased production of urea

A

Prerenal azotemia

48
Q

Renal Azotemia

A

• Glomerulonephritis
• Pyelonephritis
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Nephrotoxic drugs

49
Q

Any obstruction of the urinary tract

A

Post-renal azotemia

50
Q

MCC of post-renal azotemia

A

Prostatic Hypertrophy

51
Q

Decreased levels of BUN

A

• Severe liver damage
• Overhydration
• Malnutrition

52
Q

Creatinine is elevated in all diseases of the ____ in which ___% or more of the nephrons are destroyed

A

Kidney; 50%

53
Q

Creatinine: Critical values

A

• >4 mg/dL indicates serious impairment in renal function
(Shut down of kidneys)

54
Q

Creatinine: Critical values

A

• >4 mg/dL indicates serious impairment in renal function
(Shut down of kidneys)

55
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

-Breakdown of skeletal muscle & statins, exercise
-Causes fatigue, myalgia and dark urine (decreased urine output)

56
Q

Elevations in Creatinine

A

-Creatine, increased muscle mass, exertion & dehydration

57
Q

Decreased Levels of Creatinine

A

• Decreased muscle mass
-Overhydration

58
Q

Decreased Levels of Creatinine

A

• Decreased muscle mass
-Overhydration

59
Q

BUN: Creatinine Ratio

A

• Normal: 10:1
• Pre-renal disease: >10:1
• Renal disease: 10:1-Elevations of BUN/Creatinine (100:10)
• Post-renal disease: >10:1

60
Q

• Nitrogenous compound that is a product of purine catabolism

A

Uric Acid

61
Q

• Nitrogenous compound that is a product of purine catabolism

A

Uric Acid

62
Q

MCC for hyperuricemia

A

Renal Disease

63
Q

Uric Acid: Increased Levels

A

• Gout
• Hematologic conditions: Infections, PCV
• Malignancies
• Chronic renal disease
• Increased ingestion of purines

64
Q

Uric Acid: Increased Levels

A

• Gout
• Hematologic conditions: Infections, PCV
• Malignancies
• Chronic renal disease
• Increased ingestion of purines

65
Q

Uric Acid: Decreased Levels

A

• Aspirin
• Vitamin C
• Liver disease

Clinical Pathology II (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions