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Clinical Chem Snoopy style > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are lipids important?
constrents
helps…
maintain….
acts as…
hormone…
organ…
transport….

A

constrents in cell membrane
helps absorb fat soluble vitamins
maintains membrane fluids
acts as thermal insulator/cell metab regulator
hormone synth
organ padding
transporters

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2
Q

Describe fatty acids
bonds
excess
types

A

carbon hydrogen bonds
store excess calories
trans vs cis (trans can bend)
saturated has no double bonds
unsaturated has double bonds

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3
Q

Whats an example of a fatty acid?
trans fats?

A

Omega-3 and fish oils
trans fats not found in nature
increase heart disease

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4
Q

Describe trygericerides
how many fatty acids
characteristics?
saturation?
RT?
Animal vs plant?
Charge?
Phobia?

A

3 fatty acids
saturated
no bends
solid at RT
animal sources
Unsaturated: oil at RT, plant sources
Hydrophobic water in solution
UNCHARGED

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5
Q

Describe phospholipids

A

two fatty acids
hydrophilic phospholipids
amphipathic lipids
synthizied in organs especially water

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6
Q

Describe cholesterol
saturation?
amphi..
synth by what?
catabolism?
fuel?
acids?

A

unsaturated steroid alcohol
amphipathic
synth by animals/most tissues
not readily catabolized
NOT SOURCE OF FUEL
can be conv to bile acids

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7
Q

Decribe general lipoprotein structure
size correlates to..
shape
size in nm

A

size correlates to content
bigger = more stuff
spherical 10nm-1
proteins and lipids

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8
Q

What is the main role of lipoprotein structures

A

delivery of fuels

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9
Q

Describe Chylomicrons

A

produced by intestines
transport Exogenous triglycerides
hydrophobic core (93% tri 1% ester)
free fatty acids passed in intestines
scatter light easily and is turbid

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10
Q

Describe VLDL very low density
produced by
core

A

produced by liver
major carrier of endogenous triglycerides
hydrophobic core
not as bouyant/diff in sample

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11
Q

Describe LDL

A

endogenous transport of cholesterol in liver
synth from VLDL smaller and easier to infiltrate extracellular space
up to 8 subvarieties
can cause heart issues

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12
Q

Describe HDL

A

synth by liver and intestines
smallest and most dense, reverse cholesterol transport (out of cells) and high levels good (good fats)

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13
Q

Describe lipoprotein (A)

A

LDL like particles elevated levels increase risk of premature CHD and stroke
stratify risk of family hxt w/ stroke

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14
Q

Describe Immediate density
V-L
Seen in what rare thing?

A

normally only transenty present between the conversion of VLDL to LDL
found in rare inborn errors of metabolism

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15
Q

Describe lipoprotein X

A

Abnormal lipoprotein present in pt w/ biliary cirrhosis or cholesterol

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16
Q

What is APO A1/A1

A

HDL

17
Q

What is APOB100

A

LDL

18
Q

What is APOB48

A

Chylomicrons

19
Q

What is APO(a)

A

Lp(a)

20
Q

What is the difference between the 4 pathways for physiology and metabolism?

A

1,2,3 are transport/dietary lipids/hepatic derrived cells
4 is to maintain equalibrium w cholesterol

21
Q

Describe the Exogenous pathway
whats secreted where what breaks what down

A

fats secreted into small intestines lysozymes break down particles

22
Q

Describe the endogenous pathway
VL
Hypocho

A

VLDL hypocholesterolemia

23
Q

Describe the reverse cholesteral transport path

A

equalibrum, cholesterol out of cells

24
Q

Total cholesterol ranges
HDL-C
LDL-C
Trig -

A

TC- 140-200
HDL 40-75
LDL 50-130
Trig 60-150

25
Q

T/F women are at more risk to heart disease due to having more fatt and sex hormones/ they have increased HDL and cholesterol

A

true

26
Q

Describe Arterlosclerosis

A

general name for atery walls becoming thick

27
Q

Describe Artherosclerosis

A

plaque formation LDL central role

28
Q

Describe Hyperlipoprotenemia:

Hyperlipoproteinemia
Hypolipoproteinemia

A

Dyslipidemias into two sub categories

hyper: elevated lipoprotein levels
hypo: decreased lipoprotein levels

29
Q

Describe Hypercholesterolemia
whatdisease association?
family hx?

A

associated w coronary heart disease mortality
familial hypercholesterolemia FH genetic predisposition of high cholesterol

30
Q

Describe Hypertriglyceridemia
what hormones
what dietary things

A

of hormones insulin/glucagon ACTH epinephrin
need dietary mods: fish oils/drugs

31
Q

Describe Combined hyperlipidemia

A

cholesterol and triglycerides elevated

32
Q

What does Lp (a) elevation cause?

A

heart issues

33
Q

Describe Non-HDL cholesterol
ch…

A

Coronary heart disease

34
Q

Lipid analysis equation

A

LDL-C = Total Cholest. - HDL - Trig/5

> 400 can not be used

35
Q

Lipid analysis describe these tests briefly
Cholest measurment
triglyc
HDL
LDL

A

cholest measurement: horseradish peroxidase
Trigly: 4 sequence, glycerol kinase, colorchange/automated
HDL: chemical precipitaton
LDL: calculated Friedward

Clinical Chem Snoopy style (8 decks)

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