Lipids Flashcards
Why are lipids important?
constrents
helps…
maintain….
acts as…
hormone…
organ…
transport….
constrents in cell membrane
helps absorb fat soluble vitamins
maintains membrane fluids
acts as thermal insulator/cell metab regulator
hormone synth
organ padding
transporters
Describe fatty acids
bonds
excess
types
carbon hydrogen bonds
store excess calories
trans vs cis (trans can bend)
saturated has no double bonds
unsaturated has double bonds
Whats an example of a fatty acid?
trans fats?
Omega-3 and fish oils
trans fats not found in nature
increase heart disease
Describe trygericerides
how many fatty acids
characteristics?
saturation?
RT?
Animal vs plant?
Charge?
Phobia?
3 fatty acids
saturated
no bends
solid at RT
animal sources
Unsaturated: oil at RT, plant sources
Hydrophobic water in solution
UNCHARGED
Describe phospholipids
two fatty acids
hydrophilic phospholipids
amphipathic lipids
synthizied in organs especially water
Describe cholesterol
saturation?
amphi..
synth by what?
catabolism?
fuel?
acids?
unsaturated steroid alcohol
amphipathic
synth by animals/most tissues
not readily catabolized
NOT SOURCE OF FUEL
can be conv to bile acids
Decribe general lipoprotein structure
size correlates to..
shape
size in nm
size correlates to content
bigger = more stuff
spherical 10nm-1
proteins and lipids
What is the main role of lipoprotein structures
delivery of fuels
Describe Chylomicrons
produced by intestines
transport Exogenous triglycerides
hydrophobic core (93% tri 1% ester)
free fatty acids passed in intestines
scatter light easily and is turbid
Describe VLDL very low density
produced by
core
produced by liver
major carrier of endogenous triglycerides
hydrophobic core
not as bouyant/diff in sample
Describe LDL
endogenous transport of cholesterol in liver
synth from VLDL smaller and easier to infiltrate extracellular space
up to 8 subvarieties
can cause heart issues
Describe HDL
synth by liver and intestines
smallest and most dense, reverse cholesterol transport (out of cells) and high levels good (good fats)
Describe lipoprotein (A)
LDL like particles elevated levels increase risk of premature CHD and stroke
stratify risk of family hxt w/ stroke
Describe Immediate density
V-L
Seen in what rare thing?
normally only transenty present between the conversion of VLDL to LDL
found in rare inborn errors of metabolism
Describe lipoprotein X
Abnormal lipoprotein present in pt w/ biliary cirrhosis or cholesterol
What is APO A1/A1
HDL
What is APOB100
LDL
What is APOB48
Chylomicrons
What is APO(a)
Lp(a)
What is the difference between the 4 pathways for physiology and metabolism?
1,2,3 are transport/dietary lipids/hepatic derrived cells
4 is to maintain equalibrium w cholesterol
Describe the Exogenous pathway
whats secreted where what breaks what down
fats secreted into small intestines lysozymes break down particles
Describe the endogenous pathway
VL
Hypocho
VLDL hypocholesterolemia
Describe the reverse cholesteral transport path
equalibrum, cholesterol out of cells
Total cholesterol ranges
HDL-C
LDL-C
Trig -
TC- 140-200
HDL 40-75
LDL 50-130
Trig 60-150
T/F women are at more risk to heart disease due to having more fatt and sex hormones/ they have increased HDL and cholesterol
true
Describe Arterlosclerosis
general name for atery walls becoming thick
Describe Artherosclerosis
plaque formation LDL central role
Describe Hyperlipoprotenemia:
Hyperlipoproteinemia
Hypolipoproteinemia
Dyslipidemias into two sub categories
hyper: elevated lipoprotein levels
hypo: decreased lipoprotein levels
Describe Hypercholesterolemia
whatdisease association?
family hx?
associated w coronary heart disease mortality
familial hypercholesterolemia FH genetic predisposition of high cholesterol
Describe Hypertriglyceridemia
what hormones
what dietary things
of hormones insulin/glucagon ACTH epinephrin
need dietary mods: fish oils/drugs
Describe Combined hyperlipidemia
cholesterol and triglycerides elevated
What does Lp (a) elevation cause?
heart issues
Describe Non-HDL cholesterol
ch…
Coronary heart disease
Lipid analysis equation
LDL-C = Total Cholest. - HDL - Trig/5
> 400 can not be used
Lipid analysis describe these tests briefly
Cholest measurment
triglyc
HDL
LDL
cholest measurement: horseradish peroxidase
Trigly: 4 sequence, glycerol kinase, colorchange/automated
HDL: chemical precipitaton
LDL: calculated Friedward
