Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

2 distinguishing features of lipids

A

non-polar and hydrophobic

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2
Q

What is a fatty acid made of

A

Hydrocarbon chain with a carboxy at the end

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3
Q

2 features that change the Tm of a fatty acid - what forces are stronger

A

The length of the hydrocarbon chain
Whether the chains are saturated or not
VDW interactions

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4
Q

what are the 2 forms of unsaturated fats

A

Cis and Trans

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5
Q

What is a structural isomer

A

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the order that individual atoms are bonded

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6
Q

What is hydrogenation

A

removal of double bonding in poly-unsaturated fatty acids

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7
Q

2 reasons why lipids are good storage molecules

A

yield twice as much energy
Not hydrated so there is no extra weight of water

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8
Q

How are fatty acids anabolised and catabolised

A

C - process of beta-oxidation
A - Fatty acid synthase from carbohydrates

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9
Q

What makes up a triacylglycerol - what bond?

A

Glycerol + 3 ester linkage to 3 fatty acids

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10
Q

Why are fats solid at room temperature but oils are liquid

A

Fats are composed of saturated fatty acids whereas oils are unsaturated fatty acids

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11
Q

Where is TAG stored - what tissue does it make up

A

Adipocytes - Adipose tissue

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12
Q

What breaks down TAG - why do you need 3 for each molecule

A

Lipase - Each enzyme is specific for each carbon on glycerol

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13
Q

When is lipase released

A

When blood sugar is low

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14
Q

5 parts of a phosphlipid

A

Glycerol, unsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid, phosphate group, variable group

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15
Q

Why can phospholipids not form micelles - what do they form instead

A

presence of an unsaturated fatty acid - a bilayer

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16
Q

What is another word for a lipid vesicle

A

A liposome

17
Q

Give 2 ways phospholipids can move within the bilayer

A

Flip-flop
Lateral diffusion

18
Q

The distribution of lipids varies between inner and outer leaflets so what are PMs said to be

A

Asymmetrical

19
Q

Difference between glycolipid and a phospholipid

A

The variable group in a glycolipid is a sugar

20
Q

4 functions of the bilayer

A

Formation of a barrier
Control of entry and exit of molecules
Provides shape
Cell to cell adhesion

21
Q

3 types of proteins within the PM

A

Integral, peripheral and lipid-anchored

22
Q

Term for the region of an integral protein that is in the bilayer

A

Trans-membrane domain

23
Q

Name of the pumps used in AT across the membrane

A

ATPases