Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of lipid and where are they found?

A

Wax - alcohol ester bonded by a condensation reaction to one fatty acid.
Eg: waxy cuticle on leaves, waxy cuticle on exoskeletons.

Triglycerides - glycerol ester bonded by condensation reaction to three fatty acid
Eg: food like butter, oil and other edible fats

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2
Q

What are lipids?

A

Macromolecules

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3
Q

What are the main properties of lipids?

A
  • Non polar
  • Insoluble in water
  • Soluble in organic/non polar solvents (acetone & ether)
  • Energy dense (more energy per gram than glucose)
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4
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Saturated - no double carbon bonds in hydrocarbon chain.
Unsaturated - one or more double carbon bond in hydrocarbon chain

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5
Q

How does a triglyceride form?

A
  • A condensation reaction between hydroxyl group of glycerol and the OH of the carboxyl group of the fatty acids
  • Ester bond forms
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6
Q

What happens if one or more of the fatty acids are unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated triglyceride forms which have a lower melting point

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7
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

Main component in cell membranes- forms the phospholipid bilayer

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8
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid bilayer?

A
  • Polar hydrophilic phosphate head faces outwards (towards water)
  • Non-polar hydrophobic fatty acid tails face in (away from water)
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9
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

A
  • ‘Head’ contains a phosphate group
  • Two ‘tails’ of fatty acids
  • Joined by a glycerol molecule
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10
Q

What are the uses/roles of lipids?

A

Energy store - hibernation, germination
Buoyancy - Blubber
Insulation - Thermal & electrical
Protection - Shock absorber
Water resistance - Ducks & leaves
Reducing water loss - camels & kangaroo mice
Structural role - cell membranes

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11
Q

What is the structure of fatty acids?

A

A carboxyl group (COOH) with a non-polar hydrocarbon chain/tail

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12
Q

What is the general formula of fatty acids?

A

COOH-R

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13
Q

What is the general formula of saturated fatty acids?

A

COOH-CH3(CH2)n

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14
Q

What are the properties of fats?

A
  • Solid of room temp
  • Most are saturated
  • Found in animals
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15
Q

What are the properties of oils?

A
  • Liquid at room temp
  • Contain unsaturated fatty acids
  • Found in plant
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