Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

A

Cn(H2O)n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main three types of monosaccharides?

A

Trioses
Pentoses
Hexoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does deoxy mean?

A

One less oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is alpha glucose?

A
  • Alpha configuration (OH on the bottom)
  • Forms storage polysaccharides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Beta glucose?

A
  • Beta configuration (OH on top)
  • Forms structural polysaccharides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Formed when two monosaccharides join together in a condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Maltose made of?

A

Glucose + Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Multiple glucose monosaccharides joined together in a condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the bond between monosaccharides?

A

Glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the main properties of storage polysaccharides?

A
  • Compact (Helical and branched)
  • Inert so it can’t diffuse out of the cell
  • Insoluble in water so it doesn’t lower the cells water potential
  • Branched so there are several ends for enzyme attachment.
  • Quickly broken down into glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are starch molecules found and what are they made up of?

A
  • 20% Amylose and 80% Amylopectin
  • Found in chloroplasts or amyloplasts in plant cells depending on the need of the plant cell
  • Stored at granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the properties of amylose?

A
  • Helical
  • Unbranched chain of alpha glucose
  • 1-4 glycosidic bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the properties of amylopectin?

A
  • Branched
  • Shorter chains of alpha glucose
  • 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is glycogen found and what its properties?

A
  • Found in cytoplasm of animal cells
  • Highly branched as animals have a higher metabolic rate
  • Compact and rapidly mobilised
  • Insoluable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main properties of structural polysaccharides?

A

Linear and unbranched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the structure of cellulose linked to its function?

A
  • Hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules form microfibrils which bundle together to form fibres.
  • Fibres provide high tensile strength
  • Prevents cell wall from bursting under osmotic pressure
  • Fibre provides flexibility and reinforcement to the cell wall which gives the cell high tensile strength and allows it to be under turgor pressure.
17
Q

What are polymers?

A

Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together.

18
Q

What are monomers?

A

Small, basic molecular units.

Biological molecules (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions