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Biological molecules > DNA & RNA > Flashcards

DNA & RNA Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the main functions of RNA?

A
  • Transfer genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.
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2
Q

What are nucleotides made from?

A
  • a pentose sugar
  • a nitrogen-containing organic base
  • a phosphate group
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3
Q

DNA and RNA are polymers of what biological molecule?

A

Nucleotide

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4
Q

What is the pentose sugar in a DNA nucleotide called?

A

Deoxyribose

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5
Q

What part of a DNA nucleotide varies?

A

The base

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6
Q

What parts of a DNA nucleotide stay the same?

A
  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Phosphate group
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7
Q

What are the 4 possible bases in DNA?

A
  • Adenine (A)
  • Thymine (T)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Guanine (G)
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8
Q

What is the sugar in RNA called?

A

Ribose

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9
Q

What base replaces Thymine in RNA?

A

Uracil (U)

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10
Q

What parts of an RNA nucleotide varies?

A

The base

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11
Q

What parts of an RNA nucleotide stay the same?

A
  • Phosphate group
  • Ribose sugar
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12
Q

What are polynucleotides?

A

A polymer of nucleotides.

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13
Q

Only DNA nucleotides form polynucleotides.

A

False, both DNA and RNA nucleotides form polynucleotides.

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14
Q

What reaction happens between nucleotides in a polynucleotide?

A

A condensation reaction.

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15
Q

Between what parts of two nucleotides does a condensation reaction occur?

A

Between a phosphate group of one and the sugar of another.

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16
Q

What is the sugar-phosphate backbone?

A

The chain of sugars and phosphates in DNA

17
Q

What is the bond between two nucleotides?

A

A phosphodiester bond (consisting of the phosphate group and two ester bonds)

18
Q

What bond joins two DNA polynucleotide strands?

A

Hydrogen bonds between the bases.

19
Q

What is complementary/specific base pairing?

A

Each base can only join with one specific partner.

20
Q

Which base does Adenine always pair with?

A

Thymine (A - T)

21
Q

Which base does Cytosine always pair with?

A

Guanine (C - G)

22
Q

There’s always equal amounts of Adenine and Thymine, and equal amounts of Cytosine and Guanine.

A

True

23
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between Adenine and Thymine?

A

Two

24
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between Cytosine and Guanine?

A

Three

25
Q

What does antiparallel mean?

A

Running in opposite directions

26
Q

How is DNA structured?

A

Two antiparallel polynucleotide strands twist to form the DNA double helix.

27
Q

How is RNA structured?

A

It is made from a single polynucleotide chain and is much shorter than most DNA polynucleotides.

Biological molecules (9 decks)

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