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1st Year 1st Exam Bio PL1003 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Are lipids soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents

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2
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

Fuel molecules, High concentration energy storage and component of cell membrane

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3
Q

What are the structure of fatty acids?

A

Hydrocarbon chain with terminal carboxylic acid group

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4
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Saturated have no double bonds and therefore no kinks in the chain

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5
Q

What gives a fatty acid more fluidity?

A

A short C chain and unsaturation lower melting point

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6
Q

What is the difference between cis and trans unsaturated?

A

Cis unsaturated has both hydrogens on the same side

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7
Q

How is a hydrocarbon chain with 2 double bonds and 18 carbons named?

A

Octadecane - 18
No double bonds - octadecanoic acid
1 double bond- octadecenoic acid
2 double bonds - octadecedienoic acid
5 double bonds - octadecepentanoic acid

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8
Q

What is the composition of Oleate (18:1)?

A

18 carbons and 1 double bond

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9
Q

How are omega fatty acids named?

A

Count the closest double bond from opposite end of chain to carboxyl group

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10
Q

how is ∆ designation decided?

A

double bonds counted from carboxyl end

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11
Q

What do triglycerides contain?

A

3 fatty acids and a glycerol

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12
Q

What is adipose tissue specialised for?

A

Triglyceride synthesis and storage

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13
Q

How much stored energy is in adipose tissue?

A

84%

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14
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

A

1 or more fatty acids, attached to a platform, which has a phosphate and an alcohol attached to the phosphate

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15
Q

How much of the cell membrane is made up of Glycerophospholipids?

A

75%

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16
Q

What are glycerophospholipids crucial for?

A

Structural integrity and fluidity of lipid bilayer of cell membrane

17
Q

How much of the cell membrane is made up of Sphingolipids?

A

10-20%

18
Q

What is sphingosone backbone?

A

An amino alcohol that has a long unsaturated hydrocarbon tail

19
Q

How do glycerophospholipids form a lipid bilayer?

A

Hydrophobic tails form a permeable bilayer and hydrophilic heads interact with the aqueous medium

20
Q

What is the structure of Glycolipids?

A

Sphingosine backbone with 1 or more sugars attached to the primary -OH group

21
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A steroid

22
Q

What is the structure of cholestorol?

A

A fused ring system built from 4 linked hydrocarbon rings

23
Q

What is the function of cholestorol?

A

Bulky nucleus disrupts regular interaction between fatty acid chains and helps maintain proper membrane fluidity

24
Q

What are the derivatives of cholestorol?

A

Sex hormones, cortisol and bile salts

1st Year 1st Exam Bio PL1003 (9 decks)

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