Lipids Flashcards
Are lipids soluble or insoluble?
Insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents
What are the functions of lipids?
Fuel molecules, High concentration energy storage and component of cell membrane
What are the structure of fatty acids?
Hydrocarbon chain with terminal carboxylic acid group
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated have no double bonds and therefore no kinks in the chain
What gives a fatty acid more fluidity?
A short C chain and unsaturation lower melting point
What is the difference between cis and trans unsaturated?
Cis unsaturated has both hydrogens on the same side
How is a hydrocarbon chain with 2 double bonds and 18 carbons named?
Octadecane - 18
No double bonds - octadecanoic acid
1 double bond- octadecenoic acid
2 double bonds - octadecedienoic acid
5 double bonds - octadecepentanoic acid
What is the composition of Oleate (18:1)?
18 carbons and 1 double bond
How are omega fatty acids named?
Count the closest double bond from opposite end of chain to carboxyl group
how is ∆ designation decided?
double bonds counted from carboxyl end
What do triglycerides contain?
3 fatty acids and a glycerol
What is adipose tissue specialised for?
Triglyceride synthesis and storage
How much stored energy is in adipose tissue?
84%
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
1 or more fatty acids, attached to a platform, which has a phosphate and an alcohol attached to the phosphate
How much of the cell membrane is made up of Glycerophospholipids?
75%
What are glycerophospholipids crucial for?
Structural integrity and fluidity of lipid bilayer of cell membrane
How much of the cell membrane is made up of Sphingolipids?
10-20%
What is sphingosone backbone?
An amino alcohol that has a long unsaturated hydrocarbon tail
How do glycerophospholipids form a lipid bilayer?
Hydrophobic tails form a permeable bilayer and hydrophilic heads interact with the aqueous medium
What is the structure of Glycolipids?
Sphingosine backbone with 1 or more sugars attached to the primary -OH group
What is cholesterol?
A steroid
What is the structure of cholestorol?
A fused ring system built from 4 linked hydrocarbon rings
What is the function of cholestorol?
Bulky nucleus disrupts regular interaction between fatty acid chains and helps maintain proper membrane fluidity
What are the derivatives of cholestorol?
Sex hormones, cortisol and bile salts
