Lipids Flashcards
what are the compounds in lipids?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are the proportions compared to each other of the three elements in lipids
they contain much less oxygen in proportion to the carbon and hydrogen
what are the two different types of lipids
FATS - solid at room temperature
OILS - liquid at room temperature
what does lipids being non-polar in water mean
insoluble in water
what are the four examples of lipids we must be aware of?
triglycerides
phospholipids
waxes
steroids
what does a triglyceride consist of?
one molecule of glycerol
three molecules of fatty acids
what varies and remains the same in the formation of triglycerides?
the glycerol is always the same whereas the fatty acids vary
What is the (-COOH) group known as?
carboxyl group
what is joined to the carboxyl group in a fatty acid
long hydrocarbon chain
what must we remember with saturated fatty acids?
only contain C-C single bonds
what must we remember with unsaturated fatty acids?
contains at least one C=C double bond
are saturated or unsaturated molecules better for our health?
unsaturated. they contain less hydrogens
what two groups react in the formation of a triglyceride?
hydroxyl of the glycerol with the carboxyl of the fatty acid
what reactions form a triglyceride?
three condensation reactions
what bond is formed in a triglyceride and what must we remember about it?
3 Ester bonds which removes 3 molecules of water
compare a triglyceride to a phospholipid
they both contain glycerol.
triglyceride has 3 fatty acids whilst a phospholipid has 2 fatty acids.
phospholipids contain phosphate whilst a triglyceride doesn’t.
name one feature of a phosphate head
hydrophyllic which contains lots of oxygen and therefore interacts with water making it polar.
name one feature of a fatty acid tail
hydrophobic - doesn’t contain oxygen which means it doesn’t react with water = non-polar
what happens to the phospholipids when they come in contact with water?
spread out over the surface and become tightly packed forming a monolayer
describe on a molecular level, waxes.
long-chained fatty acids are linked t long chained alcohol.
describe the function of waxes in plants and animals.
plants - insoluble waxy cuticle to decrease water loss.
animals - provide waterproof layer on the exoskeleton of insects
describe the 4 main functions of lipids (triglycerides) we must be aware of
Energy reserves, thermal insulation, protection, metabolic water.
describe the two functions of phospholipids we must be aware of.
Biological - the cell membrane.
Electrical insulation.
what are the two causes of heart disease?
Fatty deposits in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis).
High blood pressure (hypertension).
List some contributing factors to heart disease.
saturated fats,
smoking,
males,
aging,
stress,
lack of exercise
When food has been absorbed at the __________, _______ and _______ combine to make ___________, which travel around the body in the _____________.
small intestine, lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, bloodstream.
What does a diet high in saturated fats eg. butter, lead to?
Increase in low-density lipoproteins leading to an atheroma being deposited in a coronary artery.
What type of fat is linked to a high density lipoprotein?
Unsaturated fats eg. oils
More high density lipoproteins produced means…
harmful fats are carried to away to the liver for disposal.
What ratio of high/low density lipoproteins in a person’s blood decreases the risk of heart issues?
more HDL:LDL
Name 5 compounds that contain phosphate
Phospholipids, amino acids, DNA, RNA, ATP
