Lipids

Question 1

what are the compounds in lipids?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

what are the proportions compared to each other of the three elements in lipids

Answer 2

they contain much less oxygen in proportion to the carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

what are the two different types of lipids

Answer 3

FATS - solid at room temperature
OILS - liquid at room temperature

Question 4

what does lipids being non-polar in water mean

Answer 4

insoluble in water

Question 5

what are the four examples of lipids we must be aware of?

Answer 5

triglycerides
phospholipids
waxes
steroids

Question 6

what does a triglyceride consist of?

Answer 6

one molecule of glycerol
three molecules of fatty acids

Question 7

what varies and remains the same in the formation of triglycerides?

Answer 7

the glycerol is always the same whereas the fatty acids vary

Question 8

What is the (-COOH) group known as?

Answer 8

carboxyl group

Question 9

what is joined to the carboxyl group in a fatty acid

Answer 9

long hydrocarbon chain

Question 10

what must we remember with saturated fatty acids?

Answer 10

only contain C-C single bonds

Question 11

what must we remember with unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 11

contains at least one C=C double bond

Question 12

are saturated or unsaturated molecules better for our health?

Answer 12

unsaturated. they contain less hydrogens

Question 13

what two groups react in the formation of a triglyceride?

Answer 13

hydroxyl of the glycerol with the carboxyl of the fatty acid

Question 14

what reactions form a triglyceride?

Answer 14

three condensation reactions

Question 15

what bond is formed in a triglyceride and what must we remember about it?

Answer 15

3 Ester bonds which removes 3 molecules of water

Question 16

compare a triglyceride to a phospholipid

Answer 16

they both contain glycerol.
triglyceride has 3 fatty acids whilst a phospholipid has 2 fatty acids.
phospholipids contain phosphate whilst a triglyceride doesn’t.

Question 17

name one feature of a phosphate head

Answer 17

hydrophyllic which contains lots of oxygen and therefore interacts with water making it polar.

Question 18

name one feature of a fatty acid tail

Answer 18

hydrophobic - doesn’t contain oxygen which means it doesn’t react with water = non-polar

Question 19

what happens to the phospholipids when they come in contact with water?

Answer 19

spread out over the surface and become tightly packed forming a monolayer

Question 20

describe on a molecular level, waxes.

Answer 20

long-chained fatty acids are linked t long chained alcohol.

Question 21

describe the function of waxes in plants and animals.

Answer 21

plants - insoluble waxy cuticle to decrease water loss.
animals - provide waterproof layer on the exoskeleton of insects

Question 22

describe the 4 main functions of lipids (triglycerides) we must be aware of

Answer 22

Energy reserves, thermal insulation, protection, metabolic water.

Question 23

describe the two functions of phospholipids we must be aware of.

Answer 23

Biological - the cell membrane.
Electrical insulation.

Question 24

what are the two causes of heart disease?

Answer 24

Fatty deposits in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis).
High blood pressure (hypertension).

Question 25

List some contributing factors to heart disease.

Answer 25

saturated fats,
smoking,
males,
aging,
stress,
lack of exercise

Question 26

When food has been absorbed at the __________, _______ and _______ combine to make ___________, which travel around the body in the _____________.

Answer 26

small intestine, lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, bloodstream.

Question 27

What does a diet high in saturated fats eg. butter, lead to?

Answer 27

Increase in low-density lipoproteins leading to an atheroma being deposited in a coronary artery.

Question 28

What type of fat is linked to a high density lipoprotein?

Answer 28

Unsaturated fats eg. oils

Question 29

More high density lipoproteins produced means…

Answer 29

harmful fats are carried to away to the liver for disposal.

Question 30

What ratio of high/low density lipoproteins in a person’s blood decreases the risk of heart issues?

Answer 30

more HDL:LDL

Question 31

Name 5 compounds that contain phosphate

Answer 31

Phospholipids, amino acids, DNA, RNA, ATP