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Biological Molecules > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a lipid?

A

A mix of hydrophobic compounds

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2
Q

What elements are lipids composed of?

A

CHO
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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3
Q

What difference in elements is there between lipids and carbohydrates?

A

More hydrogen and less oxygen in lipids

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4
Q

Describe the solubility of lipids

A
  • Insoluble in water

- Soluble in organic solvent (e.g. alcohol)

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5
Q

What are the most well known lipids?

A

Fats and oils

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6
Q

What other element can be found in lipids (smaller proportion)

A

Phosphorus

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7
Q

What are two ways to categories lipids?

A
  • Simple

- Complex

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8
Q

What is included as a simple lipid?

A

Steroids and terpenes

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9
Q

What is included as a complex lipid?

A

Trigylcerides Phospholipids and waxes

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10
Q

Why are lipids not soluble in water?

A

They are non-polar molecules, therefore aren’t attracted to the polarity of water molecules

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11
Q

What is a triglyceride composed of?

A

One glycerol molecule

Threee fatty acids

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12
Q

What bonds are between the glycerol molecule and the fatty acids?

A

Ester bonds

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13
Q

How does a triglyceride form?

A

Process of esterification:

- Condensation reaction removing 3 water molecules, and leaving a triglyceride

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14
Q

How do you break down a triglyceride?

A

Hydrolysis reaction - water is added to break the ester bonds

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15
Q

What group does glycerol belong to?

A

Alcohols

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16
Q

What group does fatty acids belong to?

A

Carbonyx group (contains -COOH) with a hydrocarbon chain attached

17
Q

What makes a fatty acid chain saturated?

A

No more hydrogen atoms can be added to the carbon atoms.

There are only single bonds (no double bonds present).

18
Q

Why is a saturated fatty acid usually a solid?

A

As there are no unsaturated carbon atoms, there are no bends, meaning it can pack closely together.

19
Q

What makes a fatty acid chain unsaturated?

A

Double bonds are present, meaning it could take more hydrogen atoms

20
Q

Why are unsaturated fatty acids usually liquid?

A

As a result of the double bonds, the fatty acid bends, which prevents it from packing closely together.

21
Q

Explain SSS and DUL

A

SSS - single (bonds) saturated (lipids) soilid (room temp.)

DUL - double (bonds) unsaturated (lipids) liquid (room temp.)

22
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

A modified triglyceride that contains phosphorous.

- this phosphate group replaces one of the fatty acids

23
Q

What difference in properties is there between phospholipids and triglycerides?

A

Due to phospholipids containing phosphate ions, it is polar, meaning it is soluble in water.

24
Q

Describe the polarity within a phospholipid

A

Phospholipid has a hydrophilic head (charged) and a hydrophobic tail (non-polar)

25
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A
  • Plants contain unsaturated triglycerides (usually oils)

- Human diet - unsaturated fats

26
Q

What can phospholipids form due to their polarity?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

27
Q

What is the function of phospholipid?

A

Separate aqueous environment from cytosol within cells

28
Q

Where does the body manufacture cholesterol?

A

Liver and intestines

29
Q

What is the role of cholesterol?

A
  • Regulate fluidity and add stability through the membrane

- Important role in the formation of cell membranes

30
Q

Describe cholesterol’s solubility

A

Not soluble

Biological Molecules (7 decks)

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