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BIOCHEM > LIPID METABOLISM > Flashcards

LIPID METABOLISM Flashcards

1
Q

what enzyme helps the liver to convert fatty acids into ketone bodies, which also serve as major fuel for tissues

A

acetoacetate and B hydroxybutyrate

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2
Q

C20 and more

A

long chain fatty acids

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3
Q

C12 - C20

A

medium chain fatty acids

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4
Q

C4

A

short chain fatty acids

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5
Q

degradation of lipids

A

lipolysis

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6
Q

Once the triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids they must be activated before they
can enter into the mitochondria and proceed on with

A

beta - oxidation

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7
Q

what are 2 carrier proteins required for the entry of the Acyl-CoA into the mitochondria

A

Carnitine acyltransferase I and II

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8
Q

enzymes catalyzing the formation of fatty acyl CoA esters

A

Thiokinase

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9
Q

carrier/stimulator of higher fatty acids

A

Carnitine

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10
Q

what is the enzyme for the transfer to carnitine

A

Fatty Acyl CoA: Carnitine fatty acid transferase

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11
Q

what is the enzyme for the transfer of intramitochondrial CoA

A

Carnitine Fatty Acyl CoA

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12
Q

After the activation, the fatty acyl CoA ester undergoes enzymatic degradation. The shortening of the
fatty acid chain by 2 C atoms is due to four successive steps

A

Fatty Acid Degeneration

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13
Q

how many carbon atoms are reduced due to the shortening of the fatty acid chain due to 4 successive steps

A

2C

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14
Q

A fatty acyl-CoA is oxidized by Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to yield

A

trans alkene

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15
Q

what is formed during the fatty acid degeneration via oxidation

A

a,B - unsaturated derivative

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16
Q

A fatty acyl-CoA is oxidized by Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to yield a trans alkene. This is done with the
aid of an [FAD] prosthetic group.

A

Oxidation: (Dehydrogenation)

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17
Q

in hydration, the trans alkene is then hydrated with the help of

A

Enoyl-CoA hydratase

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18
Q

what is formed in the hydration, when the trans alkene is then hydrated with the help of enoyl -CoA hydratase

A

3-hydroxyacyl CoA

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19
Q

what is the product of hydration via oxidation

A

B - keto derivative

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20
Q

the alcohol of the hydroxyacyl-CoA is then oxidized by NAD+ to a carbonyl with the help of

A

Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

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21
Q

Finally acetyl-CoA is cleaved off with the help of what enzyme which yields acyl CoA

A

Thiolase

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22
Q

acetyl-CoA is cleaved off with the help of Thiolase to yield

A

Acyl - CoA (that is 2 carbon shorter than before)

23
Q

yields acetyl CoA and a fatty acid derivative of CoA which is shorter by 2 carbon atoms

24
Q

what undergoes beta oxidation?

A

fatty acids

25
Q

formation of ketone bodies

A

ketogenesis

26
Q

in what organ does ketogenesis take place

27
Q

ketone bodies

A
  • acetoacetic acid
  • B - hydroxybutyric acid
  • Acetone
28
Q

substance which form ketone bodies

29
Q

substances which prevent the formation of ketone bodies

A

antiketogenic

30
Q

accumulation of ketone bodies in blood

31
Q

presence of ketone bodies in urine when the blood level of ketone bodies exceed renal threshold

32
Q
  • Fats (triacylglycerols) are stored primarily in adipose tissue, which is widely distributed in the body.
  • Fat is the major reserve of potential energy.
A

Fat Storage and Utilization

33
Q

The biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA

A

lipogenesis

34
Q

can be obtained from the catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins

A

Acetyl - CoA

35
Q

pathway by which all 3 of the major classes of nutrients are ultimately converted to fat

A

lipogenesis

36
Q

in what organelle does the fatty acid catabolism occur?

A

mitochondria

37
Q

in what organelle does the fatty acid anabolism occur?

38
Q

what is another name for fatty acid catabolism?

A

lipolysis/Beta oxidation

39
Q

what is another term for fatty acid anabolism?

A

lipogenesis

40
Q

requires a set of enzymes that are used in the catabolism of fats

A

lipogenesis

41
Q

in the anabolic pathway, the growing fatty acid chain bonds to a special acyl carrier protein called

42
Q

carrier in fatty acid catabolism

A

Coenzyme A

43
Q

A preliminary set of reactions, involving ___________, occurs for each two-carbon addition cycle in the synthesis.

A

malonyl-CoA

44
Q

refers to a three-carbon group and has no counterpart in the catabolic pathway

45
Q

substances that contain phosphoric acid, glycerol, fatty acid, and nitrogenous bases

A

phosphotides

46
Q

what enzyme from the pancreatic juice hydrolyze digestive secretions?

A

lecithinase

47
Q

what enzyme in the intestinal mucosa so that the P04 group and the glycerol will separate

A

phosphodiesterase

48
Q

The glyceroPO4 linkage may be hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa by the enzyme:

A

phosphodiesterase

49
Q

in which phosphatidyl serine serves as a precursor for other phosphatides

A

De novo synthesis

50
Q

is an important intermediate in the synthesis of phosphoglycerides and TAG

A

phosphatidic acid

51
Q

Similar to fats, the route of absorption is through the lymphatics, while cholesterol is readily absorbed,
its reduction products (formed through bacterial activity) coprosterol and cholestanol are poorly absorbed and are found abundantly in the feces

A

cholesterol metabolism

52
Q

what is poorly absorbed and found in the feces during cholesterol metabolism

A

coprosterol and cholestanol

53
Q

BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL
- Conversion of acetyl CoA to
- Conversion of mevalonic acid to
- Conversion of squalene to

A
  • Mevalonic acid
  • squalene
  • cholesterol

BIOCHEM (6 decks)

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