LIPID METABOLISM

Question 1

what enzyme helps the liver to convert fatty acids into ketone bodies, which also serve as major fuel for tissues

Answer 1

acetoacetate and B hydroxybutyrate

Question 2

C20 and more

Answer 2

long chain fatty acids

Question 3

C12 - C20

Answer 3

medium chain fatty acids

Question 4

C4

Answer 4

short chain fatty acids

Question 5

degradation of lipids

Answer 5

lipolysis

Question 6

Once the triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids they must be activated before they
can enter into the mitochondria and proceed on with

Answer 6

beta - oxidation

Question 7

what are 2 carrier proteins required for the entry of the Acyl-CoA into the mitochondria

Answer 7

Carnitine acyltransferase I and II

Question 8

enzymes catalyzing the formation of fatty acyl CoA esters

Answer 8

Thiokinase

Question 9

carrier/stimulator of higher fatty acids

Answer 9

Carnitine

Question 10

what is the enzyme for the transfer to carnitine

Answer 10

Fatty Acyl CoA: Carnitine fatty acid transferase

Question 11

what is the enzyme for the transfer of intramitochondrial CoA

Answer 11

Carnitine Fatty Acyl CoA

Question 12

After the activation, the fatty acyl CoA ester undergoes enzymatic degradation. The shortening of the
fatty acid chain by 2 C atoms is due to four successive steps

Answer 12

Fatty Acid Degeneration

Question 13

how many carbon atoms are reduced due to the shortening of the fatty acid chain due to 4 successive steps

Answer 13

2C

Question 14

A fatty acyl-CoA is oxidized by Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to yield

Answer 14

trans alkene

Question 15

what is formed during the fatty acid degeneration via oxidation

Answer 15

a,B - unsaturated derivative

Question 16

A fatty acyl-CoA is oxidized by Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to yield a trans alkene. This is done with the
aid of an [FAD] prosthetic group.

Answer 16

Oxidation: (Dehydrogenation)

Question 17

in hydration, the trans alkene is then hydrated with the help of

Answer 17

Enoyl-CoA hydratase

Question 18

what is formed in the hydration, when the trans alkene is then hydrated with the help of enoyl -CoA hydratase

Answer 18

3-hydroxyacyl CoA

Question 19

what is the product of hydration via oxidation

Answer 19

B - keto derivative

Question 20

the alcohol of the hydroxyacyl-CoA is then oxidized by NAD+ to a carbonyl with the help of

Answer 20

Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Question 21

Finally acetyl-CoA is cleaved off with the help of what enzyme which yields acyl CoA

Answer 21

Thiolase

Question 22

acetyl-CoA is cleaved off with the help of Thiolase to yield

Answer 22

Acyl - CoA (that is 2 carbon shorter than before)

Question 23

yields acetyl CoA and a fatty acid derivative of CoA which is shorter by 2 carbon atoms

Answer 23

Thiolysis

Question 24

what undergoes beta oxidation?

Answer 24

fatty acids

Question 25

formation of ketone bodies

Answer 25

ketogenesis

Question 26

in what organ does ketogenesis take place

Answer 26

liver

Question 27

ketone bodies

Answer 27

* acetoacetic acid * B - hydroxybutyric acid * Acetone

Question 28

substance which form ketone bodies

Answer 28

ketogenic

Question 29

substances which prevent the formation of ketone bodies

Answer 29

antiketogenic

Question 30

accumulation of ketone bodies in blood

Answer 30

ketonemia

Question 31

presence of ketone bodies in urine when the blood level of ketone bodies exceed renal threshold

Answer 31

ketonuria

Question 32

- Fats (triacylglycerols) are stored primarily in adipose tissue, which is widely distributed in the body. - Fat is the major reserve of potential energy.

Answer 32

Fat Storage and Utilization

Question 33

The biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA

Answer 33

lipogenesis

Question 34

can be obtained from the catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins

Answer 34

Acetyl - CoA

Question 35

pathway by which all 3 of the major classes of nutrients are ultimately converted to fat

Answer 35

lipogenesis

Question 36

in what organelle does the fatty acid catabolism occur?

Answer 36

mitochondria

Question 37

in what organelle does the fatty acid anabolism occur?

Answer 37

cytoplasm

Question 38

what is another name for fatty acid catabolism?

Answer 38

lipolysis/Beta oxidation

Question 39

what is another term for fatty acid anabolism?

Answer 39

lipogenesis

Question 40

requires a set of enzymes that are used in the catabolism of fats

Answer 40

lipogenesis

Question 41

in the anabolic pathway, the growing fatty acid chain bonds to a special acyl carrier protein called

Answer 41

ACP-SH

Question 42

carrier in fatty acid catabolism

Answer 42

Coenzyme A

Question 43

A preliminary set of reactions, involving ___________, occurs for each two-carbon addition cycle in the synthesis.

Answer 43

malonyl-CoA

Question 44

refers to a three-carbon group and has no counterpart in the catabolic pathway

Answer 44

malonyl

Question 45

substances that contain phosphoric acid, glycerol, fatty acid, and nitrogenous bases

Answer 45

phosphotides

Question 46

what enzyme from the pancreatic juice hydrolyze digestive secretions?

Answer 46

lecithinase

Question 47

what enzyme in the intestinal mucosa so that the P04 group and the glycerol will separate

Answer 47

phosphodiesterase

Question 48

The glyceroPO4 linkage may be hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa by the enzyme:

Answer 48

phosphodiesterase

Question 49

in which phosphatidyl serine serves as a precursor for other phosphatides

Answer 49

De novo synthesis

Question 50

is an important intermediate in the synthesis of phosphoglycerides and TAG

Answer 50

phosphatidic acid

Question 51

Similar to fats, the route of absorption is through the lymphatics, while cholesterol is readily absorbed, its reduction products (formed through bacterial activity) coprosterol and cholestanol are poorly absorbed and are found abundantly in the feces

Answer 51

cholesterol metabolism

Question 52

what is poorly absorbed and found in the feces during cholesterol metabolism

Answer 52

coprosterol and cholestanol

Question 53

BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL - Conversion of acetyl CoA to - Conversion of mevalonic acid to - Conversion of squalene to

Answer 53

- Mevalonic acid - squalene - cholesterol