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Energy for life > Lipid metabolism > Flashcards

Lipid metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are fatty acids useful for?

A

They are precursor building blocks

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2
Q

What are triglycerides useful for?

A

Energy storage.

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3
Q

What are phospholipids useful for?

A

They form the main primary component of cell membranes.

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4
Q

What 3 things can cholesterol be used for?

A

1) fat transport
2) rigidity in the cell membrane
3) precursor to bile salts and steroid hormones

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5
Q

Are most naturally occurring fats found in the trans or cis configuration?

A

Cis.

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6
Q

During fatty acid activation, what do FA, ATP and CoA form?

A

Acyl-CoA, AMP and PPi

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7
Q

Where does FA activation occur?

A

The cytosol.

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8
Q

In order for Acyl-CoA FA to be transported into the mitochondria, what must it be bound to, and what is the bond used?

A

It is bound to carnitine, via an ester-linkage, to from acyl-carnitine.

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9
Q

How does acyl-carnitine enter the mitochondria?

A

It uses a transport protein.

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10
Q

During beta oxidation, what is formed when FAD dehydrogenates the fatty acid?

A

FADH2 and a carbon double bond in the FA

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11
Q

What happens to the carbon double bond?

A

It is hydrated to form an OH- group

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12
Q

How does NAD further dehydrogenate the FA?

A

It removes H+ to form NADH and a C=O bond/

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13
Q

After entering the mitochondria, what is removed and added to the FA?

A

The carnitine is removed and the CoA-SH is replaced.

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14
Q

Which carbon is the alpha carbon?

A

The carbon next to the carboxyl group

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15
Q

Which carbon is the beta carbon?

A

The second carbon from the carboxyl group

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16
Q

Where is the carbon-carbon double bond found?

A

Between the alpha and beta carbon

17
Q

On which carbon does the C=O form?

A

The beta carbon

18
Q

What does thiolase do to the FA after the C=O is formed?

A

It cleaves the bond between the alpha and beta carbon, removing CoA-SH. The CoA-SH is then replaced onto the beta carbon to reform the chain. This also releases

19
Q

How many FADH2/NADH are produced per cycle of bet-oxidation?

A

1 of each

20
Q

What is released in beta oxidation?

A

Acyl CoA and a fatty acid CoA

21
Q

Where does the Acyl CoA go to become further metabolised?

A

TCA

22
Q

What happens if the carbon chain in the fatty acid is >22C long?

A

The beta-oxidation must occur outside the mitochondria in a process called peroxysmal beta oxidation

23
Q

How does insulin regulate the breakdown of lipids?

A

Insulin inhibits the release of free fatty acids from adipocytes.

24
Q

How do glucagon and nor/adrenaline regulate lipid breakdown?

A

They stimulate adipocytes to release free fatty acids.

25
Q

What is malonyl CoA?

A

A metabolite of lipids.

26
Q

how does Malonyl-CoA regulate lipid breakdown?

A

It inhibits transport of FA-carnitine-CoA-SH into mitochondria

Energy for life (6 decks)

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