Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVS PHARM > lipid lowering drugs > Flashcards

lipid lowering drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is HMG-CoA reductase?

A

rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
found in endoplasmic reticulum cells especially in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

ALL THE STATINS
1. atorvastatin
2. pravastatin
3. simvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors MOA

A
  1. inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, inhibit biosynthesis of cholesterol
  2. upregulates LDL receptors on cell surface: depletion of intracellular cholesterol causes cell to increase LDLr to bind and internalise LDL-Cs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor clinical use

A
  • lower plasma cholesterol LDL-C in ALL types of hyperlipidaemia
  • reduce risk of coronary events and mortality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor adverse effects

A
  1. liver dysfunction
  2. myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
  3. contraindicated in pregnant women, children or teenagers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 2 PCSK9 inhibitor

A
  1. evolocumab
  2. alirocumab
    MONOCLONAL AB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PCSK9 inhibitor MOA

A
  • inhibition of hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin (PCSK9) which targets LDL receptors for degradation in lysosomes
  • decrease LDLr degradation, increase in LDL receptors on cell surface that can bind and internalise circulation LDL-C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors clinical uses

A
  • used for intolerance to statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitors)
  • indication for lowering plasma LDL-C levels
  • used for familial hypercholesterolaemias
  • used on top of statins and diet control for patients with significant atherosclerotic CVD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors adverse effects

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • inflammatory reactions at site of injection
  • increased incidence of nasopharyngitis and sinusitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 2 fibrates derivatives

A
  1. gemfibrozil
  2. fenofibrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fibrates derivatives MOA

A
  • fibrates derivatives are ligands for PPAR-alpha protein
  • binding results in increased activity of lipoprotein lipase
  • decrease in plasma triacylglycerol levels
  • decreased secretion by liver
  • levels of VLDL decrease
    HDL levels rise moderately
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fibrates derivatives clinical uses

A

treatment of hypertriacylglycerol with VLDL elevation
especially for dysbetalipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fibrates derivatives adverse effect

A
  1. GI disturbance
  2. skin rashes
  3. gall stones
  4. myositis (inflammation of the muscle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are omega-3 acid ethyl esters?

A

omacor
- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ethyl esters

people eat it from fish oil supplements too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

omega-3 acid ethyl esters clinical uses

A
  1. hypertriglyceridemia type 4
  2. familial combined hyperlipidemia in combination with statins
  3. NOT indicated for hyperchylamicronaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

omega-3 acid ethyl esters MOA

A
  1. reduces triglyceride production and increases TG clearance from VLDL
  2. inhibit diglyceride acyltransferase responsible for TG biosynthesis
  3. increase free fatty acid breakdown via beta ox
  4. increase lipoprotein lipase activity
17
Q

omega 3 acid ethyl esters adverse effects

A
  1. contraindicated to people allergic to fish
  2. gi disturbance
  3. LDL-C levels increased due to DHA in some patients
  4. decreases production of TXA2, inhibit platelet aggregation, increased bleeding time
18
Q

Name a bile acid binding resin

A

cholestyramine

19
Q

Cholestyramine MOA

A
  1. resins bind to bile acids and salts in small intestine
    - bile acid concentration decreased
    - hepatocytes increase conversion to bile acids
    - intracellular cholesterol concentration decreases
  2. increase hepatic uptake of cholesterol containing LDL, decreasing plasma LDL
20
Q

cholestyramine effects on VLDL and HDL

A

may inc VLDL but not effect on HDL

21
Q

cholestyramine clinical uses

A

treat primary hypercholesterolemia

used with niacin to treat LDL elevation in combination with hyperlipidaemia

22
Q

cholestyramine adverse effects

A
  1. gi disturbances
  2. imparied absorptions of vitamins ADEK
23
Q

Name a drug that inhibits intestinal sterol absorption

A

ezetimibe

24
Q

ezetimibe MOA

A

reduces cholesterol absorption at small intestines by inhibiting sterol transporter NPC1L1

25
Q

clinical uses of ezetimbe

A

reduction of LDL
vytorin: ezetimibe+ simvastatin

26
Q

ezetimibe adverse effects

A
  1. GI disturbances
  2. rhabdomyolysis

CVS PHARM (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions