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CVS PHARM > anti-hypertensive drugs > Flashcards

anti-hypertensive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 ACE 1 inhibitors

A

Lisinopril
Captopril
Enalapril

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2
Q

ACE 1 inhibitors MOA

A
  1. decrease ang 2 -> dec vasoconstriction and aldersterone
  2. prevent bradykinin inactivation
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3
Q

ACE 1 inhibitor clinical uses

A
  1. hypertension
  2. cardiac failure
  3. following myocardial infarction
  4. renal insufficiency
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4
Q

ACE 1 inhibitor adverse effects

A
  1. severe hypotension
  2. acute renal failure
  3. hyperkaelemia
  4. angioedema and dry cough (induced by bradykinin and substance P inflammatory consequences)
  5. contraindicated in pregnant woman
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5
Q

Name some Ang II type 1 (AT1) blockers

A
  1. valsartan
  2. losartan
  3. candesartan

-SARTANS

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6
Q

AT1 blockers MOA

A

AT1 receptor antagonists, prevent Ang II from binding to AT1r

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7
Q

AT1 blockers adverse effect

A

similar to ace1 inhibitors just less dry cough

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8
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

block B1 receptors
- no adenylyl cyclase to convert ATP into cAMP -> cAMP cannot activate PKA, hence Ca2+ channels
- block calcium induced calcium release (calcium released from sacrolemma induced by calcium entering via channels)
-> decrease contractility

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9
Q

Can we give non selective beta blockers to someone with asthma?

A

NO
drug will block b1 and 2 adrenoreceptors => prevent stimulation of heart but also prevent bronchodilation

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10
Q

Name some beta blockers

A
  1. carvediolol (non selecetive)
  2. bisoprolol (cardioselective)
  3. metoprolol XL (^)
  4. Nebivolol (mixed)

ALL APPROVED FOR CARDIAC FAILURE

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11
Q

Beta blockers clinical use

A
  1. hypertension
  2. cardiac failure
  3. following myocardial infarction
  4. arrhythmia
  5. anxiety disorders
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12
Q

Beta blockers adverse effects

A
  1. hypotension
  2. bradycardia
  3. AV nodal block
  4. CNS: depression
  5. bronchoconstriction
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13
Q

diuretics : thiazides clinical uses

A
  1. hypertension
  2. congestive heart failure
  3. nephrolithiasis
  4. nephrogenic diabetes due to idiopathic hypercalciuria
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14
Q

thiazides AE

A
  1. hypokalaemic: metabolic alkalosis (increased K+ and H+ excretion at intercalated cells of CD)
  2. hyponatraemia (decreased sodium reabosrption)
  3. hyperuricaemia (increased urate reabsorption at PCT) => GOUT
  4. hyperglycaemia
  5. hyperlipidaemia
  6. hypercalcaemia (enhanced reabsorption of ca2+ at PCT)
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15
Q

2nd line anti-hypertensives

A
  1. hydralazine (heart failure)
  2. mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists (used for heart failure)
  3. alpha adrenergic antagonist
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16
Q

alpha adrenergic antagonist MOA

A

prevents alpha 1 vasoconstrction, reduces vessel tone, reduces peripheral vascular resistance, BP dec

17
Q

alpha adrenergic antagonist adverse effect

A

SAFE for renal impaired
1. reflex tachycardia
2. urinary incontinence

18
Q

Name the classes of first line antihypertensives

A
  1. ACE1 inhibitors
  2. AT1 blockers
  3. beta blockers
  4. calcium channel blockers DHPs
  5. diuretics: thiazides
19
Q

Name 2 calcium channel blockers that are DHPs

A
  1. nifedipine
  2. amlodipine
20
Q

DHPs MOA for antihypertension

A
  • dec intracellular calcium concetration
  • myosin LC relaxes
  • decrease vascular smooth muscle tone, dec BP
21
Q

DHPs adverse effect

A
  1. hypotension
  2. heart failure
  3. myocardial infarction
22
Q

DHPs clinical use

A
  1. HTN
  2. stable angina (amlodipine)
  3. reduce risk of MI and stroke (amlodipine)
23
Q

thiazide MOA

A
  • location: DCT
  • DCT: impermeable to water, permeable to salt
24
Q

Name 2 thiazides

A
  1. hydrochlrothiazide
  2. indapamide

CVS PHARM (6 decks)

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