Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARM > LIPID LOWERING AGENTS/LOWER RESP DRUGS > Flashcards

LIPID LOWERING AGENTS/LOWER RESP DRUGS Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

LIPID LOW. AGENTS ACROSS LIFESPAN

A

Children: typically due to genetics
1st: dietary measures first
2nd: fibrates and HMG - CoA inhibitors (statins)

Pregnancy: bile acid sequestrants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

Statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Statins (drug names)

A

“Statin”
-atorvastatin
-lovastatin
-pravastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Statins (therapeutic actions)

A

-HMG-CoA reductase (an enzyme) is needed to synthesize cholesterol in the liver
-if this enzyme is blocked, serum cholesterol and LDL decrease since the liver can’t produce cholesterol
-increases HDL levels too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Statins (indications)

A

-treats elevated cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Statins (caution and interactions)

A

-renal impairment (can be worsened if rhabdomyolysis occurs)
-impaired endocrine function

-interactions with antibiotics, antifungals, immunosuppressants (increased adverse effects) grapefruit juice (toxicity) and St. John’s wort (statin effectiveness decrease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common adverse effects of statins

A

-GI system: flatulence and abdominal pain
-Liver: elevated liver enzymes (ALT/AST) and acute liver failure
-muscle soreness and aches
-iu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Breakdown of muscles which releases waste products that can injure the glomerulus and result in acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Implementation of statins

A

-administer at bedtime
-monetary cholesterol, LDL and LFTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

STATins

A

-sore muscles
-toxic liver
-avoid grapefruit in St. John’s wort
-take at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bile acid sequestrants (drug names)

A

“Chole-“ or “Cole-“
-cholestyramine
-colestipol
-colesevelam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bile acid sequestrants (therapeutic actions)

A

-binds bile acids in the intestine, allows excretion in feces instead of reabsorption
- my definition: helps lower cholesterol by binding to bile acids in the intestines, preventing them from being absorbed in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bile acid sequestrants (indications)

A

-Hypercholesterolemia: high cholesterol and high LDLs
-pruritis associated with partial biliary obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bile acid sequestrants (contraindications)

A

-complete biliary obstruction; abnormal intestinal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bile acid sequestrants (caution and interactions)

A
  • Caution: pregnancy

-interactions with malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins
-affects absorption of other oral drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Common adverse effects of bile acid sequestrants

A

-Direct G.I. irritation: including nausea and constipation
-vitamin A D Eand K deficiencies (increased bleeding times)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Implementation of Bile acid sequestrants

A

-powder drugs need to be mixed in liquid
-tablets swallowed hole only
-Give drug in the morning
-administer other oral drugs one hour before or 4-6 hours after bile acid sequestrants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors

A

Ezetimibe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors (therapeutic actions)

A

-works in small intestine to decrease the absorption of dietary cholesterol
-Less cholesterol is circulated to the liver
-Liver clears more cholesterol from the blood, which results in less circulating cholesterol
-decrees total cholesterol levels, LDL‘s, and triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do we give Cholesterol absorption inhibitors

A

For hypercholesterolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors (cautions and interactions)

A

-Caution: liver disease
-Interaction with cyclosporine (increased risk of ezetimibe toxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Common adverse effects of Cholesterol absorption inhibitors

A
  • GI: abdominal pain and diarrhea
    -possible blood in the urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors implementation

A

-Monitor labs before enduring therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Proprotein Convertase Subtilism/Kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9) DRUG NAMES

A

“-ocumab”
-alirocumab
-evolocumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Proprotein Convertase Subtilism/Kexin type 9 inhibitors (therapeutic actions)
-monoclonal antibodies prevent PCSK9 enzymes from attaching to the LDL receptors on the liver cell -This allows for LDLs to attach those liver cells and be metabolized (removed from the blood) -decreases LDL levels and total cholesterol
26
Proprotein Convertase Subtilism/Kexin type 9 inhibitors (indications/why do we give it?)
-Treatment of hypercholesterolemia -Used with a statin drug or alone if statins can’t be taken
27
Proprotein Convertase Subtilism/Kexin type 9 inhibitors (interactions)
None/unknown
28
Proprotein Convertase Subtilism/Kexin type 9 inhibitors (adverse effects)
-Risk of infection -injection site reactions
29
Fibrates
-fenofibrate -gemfibrozil -fenofibric acid
30
Vitamin B3
Niacin
31
Why do we give fibrates and or vitamin B3?
-for patients with hypercholesterolemia -it helps lower triglycerides and LDL -increases HDL
32
Lower respiratory tract
-Is where gas exchange occurs -includes bronchial tree and alveoli
33
What sort of things occur in the lower respiratory tract?
-asthma -COPD -Pneumonia -Respiratory distress syndrome (neonates) -adult respiratory distress syndrome
34
Lower respiratory tract Life span: children
Used frequently in children -Long acting inhaled steroid -short acting beta2 agonist (SABA) -Leukotriene receptor antagonist Treatment changes as as child grows Prevention -avoidance of allergens, smoke, crowds, and dusty areas
35
Xanthines (drug names)
-caffeine -theophylline also called methylxanthines -narrow margin of safety -Interact with many drugs -Numerous adverse effects -reserved for when other drugs don’t work or critical situation in ICU
36
Xanthines (therapeutic actions)
-Direct effect on the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract, both in the bronchi and in the blood vessels -exact MOA is not known
37
Xanthines (indications/why do we give it?)
-Symptomatic, relief or prevention of asthma and COPD -Reversal of broncospasm
38
Xanthines (caution and interactions)
Caution -G.I. problems -Heart disease -Renal hepatic disease -alcoholism -hyperthyroidism -interactions include any drug metabolized in the liver that has the potential to interact with with xanthines -substances in cigarettes
39
Xanthines (common adverse effects)
-G.I. issues -Cardiac -central nervous system -severe toxicity: seizures, life-threatening, arrhythmias, hypotension, coma.
40
Implementation of xanthines
-Administer with food or milk to relieve G.I. upset -switch from IV to oral as soon as possible
41
Sympathomimetics (drug names)
“-terol” “-proterenol” -levalbuterol -salmeterol -albuterol (inhaler) -formoterol -isoproterenol -metaproterenol Epinephrine (drug of choice in bronchospasm)
42
Sympathomimetics (therapeutic actions)
-beta 2 selective adrenergic agonists -dilates bronchi -Increases respiratory rate -Increases depth of respirations -SABA/LABA
43
Sympathomimetics (indications/why do we give it?)
-acute asthma attack -bronco spasm -Prevention of exercise induced asthma -Maintenance medication for chronic respiratory diseases
44
Sympathomimetics (cautions and interactions)
Caution -Conditions that would be aggravated by SNS stimulation -Depends on the severity of the underlying condition -interactions with beta blockers, other drugs that increase blood pressure or heart rate, substances, and cigarettes.
45
Sympathomimetics (common adverse effects)
- bronchospasm (sometimes it causes the thing it’s supposed to prevent) -Sympathomimetic stimulation: CNS stimulation, G.I. upset, cardiac (arrhythmias, hypertension, sweating, pallor, flushing)
46
Sympathomimetics implementation
-take 30 to 60 minutes before exercise
47
Anticholinergics (drug names)
“Tropium” -IPratropium -tiotropium “Clidinium” -aclidinium -umeclidinium
48
Anticholinergics (therapeutic actions)
- blocks the vagal effect leading to relaxation of smooth muscle and bronchi (broncodilation)
49
Anticholinergics (indications/why do we give it?)
-Maintenance treatment of COPD
50
Anticholinergics (contraindications)
-acute bronchospasm requiring immediate intervention
51
Anticholinergics (caution and interactions)
Caution -any condition aggravated by the Anticholinergic effects Interactions with other anticholinergics
52
Anticholinergics (common adverse effects)
- dry mouth, hoarseness, sore throat -dizzy, headache, fatigue, nervous, palpitations, and urinary retention -paradoxical bronchoconstriction
53
Anticholinergics implementation
-void prior to medication administration -Humidification and hydration
54
Anticholinergics TIP
-can’t see -can’t pee -Can’t spit -can’t shit
55
Inhaled steroids (drug names)
“One” -beclomethasone -fluticasone -triamcinolone “Esonide” -budesonide -ciclesonide
56
Inhaled steroids (therapeutic actions)
-Decreases the inflammatory response in the airways -takes 2 to 3 weeks to be effective
57
Inhaled steroids (indication/why do we get it?)
-Prevention and treatment of asthma -Maintenance treatment of COPD
58
Inhaled steroids (indication/why do we get it?)
-Prevention and treatment of asthma -Maintenance treatment of COPD
59
Inhaled steroids(contraindications)
- not an emergency drug for an acute asthma attack
60
Inhaled steroids (cautions and interactions)
Caution - active respiratory infection No known interaction
61
Common adverse effects of inhaled steroids
- sore throat/hoarseness -coughing, dry mouth -fungal infections
62
Inhaled steroids implementations
- rinse mouth after using inhaler -Monitor for respiratory infection signs
63
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist (drug names)
“-lukast” -zafirlukast -montelukast
64
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist (therapeutic actions)
-Lock receptors for the production of leukotrienes -they don’t have an immediate effect -takes one to two weeks to reach full effect
65
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist (indications/why do we give it?)
-long-term asthma treatment
66
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist (contraindications)
-Allergy or acute asthma attack
67
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist (caution and interactions)
caution -hepatic impairment -there are several interactions. You must check before you administer.
68
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist ( common adverse effects)
- flu like symptoms -CNS: headache, dizzy -G.I. upset Black box warning -neuropsychiatric effects, including aggressive behavior, depression/suicide, hallucinations (behavioral changes are especially seen in children)
69
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist implementation
-not for use in acute asthma attack. Long-term asthma treatment only.
70
Lung surfactants (drug names)
“Actant” -beractant -calfactant -lucinactant -poractant
71
Lung surfactants (therapeutic actions)
-replace the surfactant that is missing in the lungs of neonates with RDS -Begins to work immediately
72
Leukotriene Receptor antagonist (why do we give it?)
-to treat respiratory distress syndrome, and premature infants, and help them breathe
73
Implementation of lung surfactants
- Monitor continuously -Ensure to placement before administering -suction before administering but wait two hours after administering to suction again

PHARM (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions