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PHARM > ANTISEIZURE AGENTS > Flashcards

ANTISEIZURE AGENTS Flashcards

1
Q

Epilepsy

A

-most prevalent of the neurological disorders
-Collection of different syndrome
-Seizures
-a loss of control

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2
Q

Nature of seizures

A

-seems to be caused by abnormal neurons sensitive to stimulation or prone to over responsiveness
-primary seizures
-secondary seizures
-Best method for diagnosing a seizure is through an EEG

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3
Q

Types of seizures

A

-tonic clonic seizure
-Absence seizure
-status epilepticus

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4
Q

Yusuf anti-epileptic agents across the lifespan: children

A
  • can affect learning and social development
    -More sensitive to the sedating effects
    -May need to switch medication
    -Dosing
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5
Q

What should you not do on anti-epileptic agents?

A

Breast-feed

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6
Q

Hydantoins ( drug name)

A

Phenytoin

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7
Q

Hydantoins ( actions)

A

-stabilize the nerve membranes by blocking channels in the cell membrane or altering receptor sites
-decreases excitability and hyperexcitability to stimulation

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8
Q

Hydantoins indication?

A

Seizures

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9
Q

Hydantoins (pharmacokinetics)

A

-Therapeutic serum phenytoin levels: 10 to 20 mcg/mL

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10
Q

Hydantoins (cautions and interactions)

A

Cautions
-Elderly or debilitated patients
-Impaired renal or liver function
-Depression or psychosis

Interactions
-alcohol

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11
Q

Hydantoins (adverse effects)

A

-CNS depression
-Cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension
-Severe liver toxicity
-bonemarrow suppression
-urinary retention
-Loss of libido

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12
Q

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines (drug names and half-life)

A

Barbiturates (half-life is up to 100 hours)
-phenobarbital
-primidone

Benzodiazepines (half-life is 18 to 50 hours)
-AZEPAM
clonazepam
Diazepam

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13
Q

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines (action, indication, contraindication, cautions, drug interactions)

A

All the same as hydantoins

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14
Q

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines (adverse effects)

A

CNS depression: confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue

Cardiac: arrhythmias, changes in blood pressure

Other: urinary retention, loss of Levito, physical dependence, and withdrawal

Blackbox warning : benzodiazepines and opioids together can result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, death

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15
Q

Succinimides (drug names)

A

-SUXIMIDE
ethosuximide
Methsuximide

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16
Q

Succinimides (actions)

A

-suppresses the abnormal electrical activity in the brain

17
Q

Succinimides (indications)

A

-seizures, most frequently absence seizures

18
Q

Succinimides (cautions and interactions)

A

Caution
-Renal or hepatic disease

Interactions
-primidone

19
Q

Succinimides (adverse effects)

A

-CNS depressant effects
-bonemarrow suppression
-Stevens Johnson syndrome

20
Q

GABA modulators (drug names)

A

Valproic acid

Divalproex

21
Q

GABA modulators (action)

A

-reduces abnormal electrical activity in the brain
-Increases GABA levels in the brain

22
Q

GABA modulators (indication)

A

Seizures

23
Q

GABA modulators (caution and interactions)

A

Caution
-hepatic or renal impairment

Interactions
-other anti-seizure drugs (risk of toxicity and a risk of breakthrough seizures)

24
Q

GABA modulators (adverse effects)

A

-CNS depression
-Liver toxicity
-pancreatitis
-drug reaction with eosinophilia and systematic systems (DRESS)

25
Q

Other drugs to treat seizures

A
  • all these drugs, have an adverse effect of CNS depression AND have interactions with CNS depressants, alcohol, hormonal birth control

Carbamazepine
-blackbox warning for serious skin reactions
-ADE

Lamotrigine
-blackbox warning for serious skin reactions

Levetiracetam

Topiramate
-ADE: series skin reactions

26
Q

Anti-seizure agents implementation

A

-Administer with food
-Monitor CBC before and during therapy
-Protect from infection
-Prepared to discontinue the drug due to skin rash, bone marrow, suppression unusual depression, or personality changes
-discontinue the drug slowly

PHARM (7 decks)

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