Lipid (Fats) Flashcards
Some common lipid substances
Oils, Waxes, Rubbers, and Cholesterol
What are Lipids composed of
C H and O
Are they hydrophobic or Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic, insoluble in water
What do fats serve as
Energy Storage
What are the 2 Lipid Monomers
Glycerol (Glycerin): a 3-C Alcohol. It is hydrophilic
Fatty Acids: C-H chains with -COOH ( Carboxyl acid groups) on one end and it is hydrophobic
Fatty Acids Chart
Saturated Unsaturated
State: Solid, Semi Solid Liquid
Example: Butter Canola Oil
Source: Animals + Plants. Plants + Fish
Defined: Carbons saturated Contains 1+
with -H bonds C=C or 3 Hb
Energy: has more because Less with
of C-H bonds Fewer C-H
What are essential nutrients
Nutrients that are taken in by diet because are bodies are unable to make them from compounds
Ex. omega 6 fatty acids
What are Trans Fats
very bad for health and associated with heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes.
Body cannot break down these fats with enzymes
Types of Lipids
Neutral Fats: Storage Fats
Phospholipids: Cell membrane building blocks,
fluidity of membrane depends on types of fatty acid in phospholipids
Steroids: Regulates cell membrane fluidity in animals
Used in animal hormone synthesis
Waxes
What is Phospholipids
They are a key component of plasma
membranes.
• They have a hydrophobic end (the fatty acids) and hydrophilic end (glycerol and phosphate group). This type of “both loving” molecule is called amphiphilic.
What are Steroid Fats
Cholesterol is a specialized type of steroid fat in animal cells.
– Regulates membrane fluidity and
is important in formation of anchors for trans-membrane proteins.
Precursor of steroid hormones (testosterone and estrogen)
– Precursor of lipid-soluble vitamins A, D, E, & K,
– Forms myelin sheath that insulates neurons.
What is LDL and HDL
LDL: bad cholesterol
HDL: good cholesterol
What are Waxes
Natural waxes are esters of fatty acids. Esters are formed when the –OH group of an acid is replaced by a carbon chain.
Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents.
e.g. bees wax, lanolin, paraffin
