Carbohydrates (Sugars) Flashcards
What are Organic Macromolecules made of?
Monomers
ex. Polysaccharides are built from monosaccharides
How many atoms can carbon be bonded to and what does it form
4 different atoms and can form double or triple molecules. ( these can from long hydrocarbon chains )
What are the different hydrocarbon molecule functional groups
Carboxyl: -COOH, important as buffer in proteins
double or triple bonds: determines the fluidity of fats
amino groups: -NH2, important as buffer in proteins
How are monomers joined together
Dehydration Synthesis
What is the opposite of Dehydration Synthesis when macromolecules are broken down
Hydrolysis
What are Macromolecules of carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids called
Polymers
( not called polymers in fats )
What are Sugars composed of
C H and O
How many carbons in a monosaccharide
3-7
(names after Greek alphabet)
What are the different monosaccharides and does the shape matter
Glucose, Galactose, fructose, ribose, and deoxyribose
All sugars have the same molecules but different shapes
so it is very important you differentiate the shapes
What are molecules with the same elements but different arrangements called?
Isomers
What are macromolecules
Macromolecules are organic biomolecules that are in living things
Such as Carbs, Fats, Proteins, nucleic acid (DNA), and ATP
What building blocks are speed to synthesis each of these macromolecules
- Sugars
- Fats
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acid
Sugars: Monosaccharides
Fats: Fatty Acids
Proteins: Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotide
What kind of sugars are used for energy
Starch and Glycogen
What polysaccharides are used for structural support
Cellulose
Empirical formula of simple sugars is
Cx(H2O)y
x variable can change and H becomes doubled
ex. C6H12O6
