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Biochemistry II > Lipid Catabolism > Flashcards

Lipid Catabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Give a summary of the breakdown products of lipids that can enter the TCA cycle

A
  1. triglycerides and phospholipids are broken down by lipases into fatty acids. This process releases glycerol which then enters glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETC, which releases ATP and CO2.
  2. fatty acids are converted into AcCoA and NADH and FADH2 by B-oxidation. FADH2 and NADH enter the ETC to produce ATP.
  3. AcCoA enters TCA cycle to produce CO2. This process releases NADH and FADH2 which enter ETC to produce ATP
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2
Q

C2:0

A

acetic

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3
Q

C10:0

A

capric

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4
Q

C12:0

A

lauric

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5
Q

C16:0

A

palmitic

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6
Q

C18:0 stearic

A

stearic

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7
Q

C20:0

A

arachidic

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8
Q

delta9 C16:1

A

palmitoleic

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9
Q

delta9 C18:1

A

oleic

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10
Q

delta9,12 C18:2

A

linoleic

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11
Q

delta6,9,12 C18:3

A

y-linolenic

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12
Q

delta9,12,15 C18:3

A

alpha - linolenic

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13
Q

Discuss the charge of a storage lipid and the structure of the common example.

A

neutral

triacylglycerol

3 acyl groups attached to a glycerol molecule

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14
Q

Discuss the charge of a membrane lipid and the structure of the common example.

A

polar

glycerophospholipids

glycerol group attached to a saturated FA, an unsaturated FA, and a phosphate group with an X (head group)

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15
Q

fatty acids are oxidized and broken down into ______

A

AcCoA

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16
Q

The release of electrons (NADH) drives ____ _________

A

ATP Synthase (which makes energy)

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17
Q

The production of AcCoA feeds the ___ _____

A

TCA cycle (which makes energy)

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18
Q

How are triacylglycerols transformed into glycerol?

A

Lipases

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19
Q

How is glycerol transformed into glycerol P?

A

glycerol kinase

ATP converted into ADP

20
Q

How is glycerol P converted into DHA P?

A

glycerol 3-P dehydrogenase

NAD+ converted into NADH + H+

21
Q

What is produced when triacylglycerols are converted into glycerol?

A

FATTY ACIDS MAN!!!

22
Q

What is the structure of the head group: phosphatidic acid

23
Q

What is the structure of the head group: phosphatidylethanolamine

A

CH2-CH2-NH2+

24
Q

What is the structure of the head group:

phosphatidylcholine

A

CH2-CH2-N+(CH3)3

25
Q

What is the structure of the head group:

phosphatidylserine

A

CH2-CH(COO-)-NH3+

26
Q

What is the structure of the head group:

phosphatidylglycerol

A

CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH

27
Q

How is phosphate group removed after PLD breaks down a triacylglycerol?

A

phosphatidate phosphatase

H2O consumed, Pi released

28
Q

For a C16 molecule, how many rounds of B-ox occur?

29
Q

For a C16 molecule, what is produced?

A
  • 8 AcCoA
  • 7 NADH
  • 7 FADH2
30
Q

How come once you get to a C4 molecule, 2 AcCoA are produced instead of one?

A

Well you get your normal one AcCoA molecule when C4 gets converted into C2. But C2 can not be oxidized (It is acetic acid already) and can be turned into AcCoA

31
Q

Before B-ox can occur, what must happen?

A

FA’s must be activated!

32
Q

Explain how fatty acids are activated (will have to refer to diagrams for an illustration)

A
  1. a fatty acid attacks ATP( through fatty acyl CoA syntheatase) to produce a fatty acyl-adenylate
  2. CoASH attacks the fatty acyl-adenylate to release an AMP molecule and a fatty acyl-CoA

(On a side note - pyrophosphate(PPi) is also produced and converted into 2 Pi molecules through inorganic pyrophosphatase)

Pyrophosphatase is important because it pulls rxn to completion by removing PPi and preventing there reverse rxn

33
Q

Why is the fatty acid converted into the fatty acyl CoA?

A

A fatty acid exists in the cytosol but a fatty acyl CoA exists in the inter membrane space

(ONLY SHORT CHAIN FA CAN BE TRANSPORTED THIS WAY)

34
Q

How do long chain fatty acids need to be transported?

A

Need to be shuttled by carnitine

35
Q

Explain carnitine transport

A
  1. Fatty acyl CoA is attached to carnitine to produce a fatty acyl carnitine (this releases CoASH). This is done by acyltransferase I.
  2. Fatty acyl carnitine is transported from the OMM to the IMM to the matrix. Fatty acyl carnitine is then transformed into carnitine and fatty acyl CoA through CoASH.
  3. carnitine returns from the matrix to the IMM to the OMM to repeat the cycle. This is done by acyltransferase II.
36
Q

What is the enzyme that converts carnitine to fatty acyl carnitine (and vice versa)

A

carnitine palmitoyl transferase I

37
Q

The next few cards are for B-ox regarding a C16 molecule (palmitic)

38
Q

What converts palmitoyl CoA into Trans delta^2 enoyl CoA ?

A

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

FAD converted into FADH2

39
Q

What converts trans delta^2 enoyl CoA into L-B-hydroxy-acyl-CoA ?

A

enoyl-CoA hydratase

H20 is consumed

40
Q

What converts L-B-hydroxy-acyl CoA into B-Ketoacyl-CoA?

A

B-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

NAD+ converted into NADH + H+

41
Q

What converts B-Ketoacyl-CoA into Actyl CoA and (C14) Acyl CoA?

A

Acyl-CoA acetyltransferase

CoASH is consumed

42
Q

Those four steps produce 1 Acetyl CoA. They are repeated until all 8 Acetyl CoA’s are produced!

43
Q

Describe the energy yield of B-Oxidation

A 
Activation: -2 ATP
B-Ox:
   -7 NADH: 17.5 ATP
   -7 FADH2: 10.5 ATP
8 AcCoA:
   -24 NADH: 60 ATP
   -8 FADH2: 12 ATP
   -8GTP: 8 ATP

TOTAL = 106 ATP

way more than glycolysis, PDC, and TCA which only produces 32 ATP

44
Q

How much does 1 more AcCoA make?

A

3 NADH (7.5 ATP), 1 FADH2 (1.5 ATP), and 1 GTP (1 ATP)

45
Q

How much does 1 more round of B-ox make?

A

1 FADH2 (1.5 ATP) and 1 NADH (2.5 ATP)

46
Q

So a C18 molecule, with one more round of B-ox and one more AcCoA makes ___ more ATP?

A

14 extra ATP

Biochemistry II (15 decks)

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