lIPEEDZ Flashcards
Lipids are poorly soluble in ___, but dissolves in organix solvents like?
Water; benzene, chloroform and dichloromethane (DCM)
Lipids function as a ____ ___?
Metabolic fuel
Lipids are ___ group of compounds synthesized by cell
Heterogenous
What are the classifications of lipids
Simple lipids, complex, amphiatic, derived
Neutral fats and waxes
Simple lipids
Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids
Complex lipids
Steroids, vitamins and caroteniods
Derived Lipids
Glycerollipids and sphingolipids
Amphipathic lipids
Example of complex lipids
Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids
Example of simple lipids
Neutral fats and waxes
Example of amphipathic lipids
Glycerollipids and sphingolipids
Example of derived lipids
Steroids, vitamins and caroteniods
These are small molecules that tend to associate through noncovalent forces
Amphipathic lipids
Tends to form surface monolayers, bilayers, micelles, or vesicles when in contact with water
Amphipathic lipids
Smallestt unit of lipids
Fatty acids
Single bonded fatty acids and solid at room temperature
Saturated fatty acids
Double bonded fatty acids and liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated fatty acids
A type of fatty acid that reacts with NaOH producing soaps
Unsaturated fatty acids
Alkali metal salts of fatty acids contain
10-18 carbon atoms called soaps
These are good wetting agent/emulsifying agent/cleaning agent
Soap
What can you form with soap?
Forms insoluble salts with metal ions like Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions
These ions are present in?
Hard water
What do you call the precipiates formed in hard water?
Scum
Development of synthetic detergents or synders solved the problem of ??
scum formation with soap
___ contain fat-soluble groups and water-soluble grouos
Syndets
Does not form precipitate in hard water
Syndates
Presence of unsaturation is indicated by the decolization of the added ??
bromine
When the enzyme lipase hydrolyzes a compound lipid, one of the products of hydrolysis is ?
Glycerol
When glycerol is heated with a dehydrating agent such as
Potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4)
Major energy reserve of the body
Triglycerides
When glycerol is heated with a dehydrating agent such as potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4), the reaction yields ?
acrolein
Also known as neutral fats/ triglycerols
Triglycerides
3 distinct function of triglycerides
Heat production, energy production, and unsulation
What represents fatty acid chains?
R1, R2, R3
If there are 3 same R’s, the compound is a?
Simple triglyceride
Fats are insoluble in _____ but readily dissolve in ____?
Ordinary solvents; CHCL3 (tricholormethane), C6H6 (Benzene), hot alcohol, ether
Neutral fats contain a large amoun of ??
Unsaturated fatty acids
When fats are being shaked it temporarily forms?
emulsion
What are the emulsifying agens of fats?
Soap, acacia, albumin or bile salts
A ___ prevents coalescence of the fat droplets by absorbing on their surfaces
Emulsifying substance
Different kinds of chemical properties
Hydrolysis, hydrogenation, rancidity, saponification
A type of chemical property in which fats are readily hydrolyzed by acids, enzymes or superheated steam with liberation of fatty acids and glycerol
Hydrolysis
A type of chemical property that instead of water, an alkali is used, a metallic salt of fatty acids (soap) is formed, and the process is called saponification (alkaline hydrolysis of fats)
Saponification
Sodium soaps are ___?
Hard
Potassium soaps are?
Soft
A type of chemical reaction where fats are neutral in reaction, but when exposed to air, they become acidic due to hydrolysis which results in the liberation of volatile fatty acids
Rancidity
Oxidized with the formation of ?
odoriferous volatile aldehyde and ketones
What contribute to the rapid onset of rancidity
Enzyme, lipoxidase and agents like heat, light, moisture and bacteria
Rancidity results in the destruction of the accessory food factor like
carotenes, vit. A, vit E.
adds hydrogen to the unsaturated bonds of a fatty acid
Hydrogenation
During the process, some or all the unsaturated fat is converted to a saturated fat resulting to a solid or semi-solid fat
Hydrogenation
From kernel of mature coconuts and are saturated fats
Coconut oil
obtained from seeds of anise plant and evaporates faster than coconut oil
Anise oil
Appear as transparent and clear liquid
Glycerol
Pure compound, appears as uniform opaque solid
Palmitic
Oil can become rancid due to a process called
Oxidation
occurs when oil is exposed to oxygen, heat, and light over time.
Oxidation
cohesive force that exists at the surface of a liquid, causing it to behave as if it has a thin elastic skin
Surface tension
When fat is heated strongly in the presence of ___ the glycerol portion of the molecule is dehydrated to form the unsaturated aldehyde called ____
AHSO4; Acrolein
Olive oil + 40% NaOH what process occurs?
saponification
+ Ethyl alcohol what process occurs?
alcoholysis or esterification
What forms when alcohol is added when saponifying?
Sodium ethoxide (NaOC2H5)
+ heated and stirred what process occurs?
Transesterification
is responsible for the green flame
Glycerol-borax complex
Responsible for the yellow flame
Sodium borate
does not have a free aldehyde or ketone group that is required for the reaction with copper ions in the Benedict’s reagent
Glycerol
In the test for the presence of phosphorous in lecithin what do you call the formation of yellow precipitate ?
Phosphomolybdate
