Linux Flashcards
When was Linux created?
1991
What are the 3 major Linux distribution families?
RedHat
SUSE
Debian
What is the most commonly used Debian GUI?
GNOME
What is the root symbol in Linux?
/
What is everything (processes, devices, netowork, etc.) represented by in Linux?
Files
How do you call networking service processes?
daemons
How do you call the brain the glues the hardware with the applications?
The kernel
What is a distribution?
A collection of programs with the Linux kernel
What is a bootloader?
The program that boots the OS
What is a service?
A program that runs in the background
What is a filesystem?
The method of storing and organizing files (ext3, FAT, NTFS, etc.)
What is an XWindow system?
The graphical subsystem (e.g. GNOME, KDE, etc.)
What is the BIOS used for?
Initializes the hardware and tests the main memory
Where is the BIOS software stored?
On the motherboard
What is the name of the testing process performed by the BIOS?
POST (Power On Self-Test)
What is GRUB?
Linux Bootloader (Grand Unified Bootloader)
Where is the MBR (Main Boot Record) stored?
On the hard disk, in the boot sector
What does the initramfs filesystem image do?
It mounts the proper root filesystem
How do you switch to text console on Linux?
Ctrl + Alt + FX
What process starts all other processes on Linux?
systemd (replaced init and upstard)
What command can be used to start, stop, enable, or disable processes?
systemctl start/stop/enable/disable process
What is a partition?
A physically contiguous section of a disk
Where are removable media located in the Linux filesystem?
/run/media/username/disklabel
Where are essential user command binaries located in the Linux filesystem?
/bin/
Where are device files located in the Linux filesystem?
/dev/
Where are the bootloaderās static files located in the Linux filesystem?
/boot/
Where are the host-specific device configurations located in the Linux filesystem?
/etc/
Where is the userās home directory located in the Linux filesystem?
/home/
Where are the essential shared libraries and kernel modules located in the Linux filesystem?
/lib/
Where are the add-on application software packages located in the Linux filesystem?
/opt/
Where are the system binaries located in the Linux filesystem?
/sbin/
Where can you find the data for the services provided by this host in the Linux filesystem?
/srv/
Where are temporary files located in the Linux filesystem?
/tmp/
Where are user utilities and apps located in the Linux filesystem?
/usr/
Where are the variable files located in the Linux filesystem?
/var/
What is the root userās home directory in the Linux filesystem?
/root/
Where is the virtual filesystem documenting the kernel in the Linux filesystem?
/proc/
Where are deleted files sent to in the Linux filesystem?
.local/share/Trash/files/
What is the lower-level package manager in Ubuntu?
dpkg
What is the higher-level package manager in Ubuntu?
apt
What does the cat command do?
Print out the content of a file
What does the head command do?
Print out the first few lines of a file
What does the tail command do?
Print out the last few lines of a file
What does | do?
Makes one program take as input the output of another
What does the which command do?
Locate a program in the filesystem
What does the pwd command do?
Prints the current directory
What does the tree command do?
Gives a bird-eye view of directories
What does the ln command do?
Creates a link between 2 files
What does the less command do?
Show the content of larger files
What does the touch command do?
Creates an empty file
What are the 3 standard file streams?
0 input stdin (keyboard)
1 output stdout (terminal)
2 standard error stderr (log file)
What does the grep command do?
Searches for strings in files
What does the find command do?
Searches for files under the current directory
How can you recognize a daemon process?
It ends with a ādā (ex: httpd)
What process has a PID of 1?
init or systemd
How do you kill a process?
kill -9 pid
How do you run job in the background?
Add & after the command
How do you terminate a foreground job?
Ctrl + C
How do you suspend a foreground job?
Ctrl + Z
How do you display background jobs and their PID?
jobs -l
How do you display processes in the CLI?
ps
How do you display running processes in real time?
top
What determines process priority?
Niceness (-20 top priority, 19 lowest)
How can you schedule tasks on Linux?
cron
What utility is used to view partitions?
gparted
What does cp do?
Copy
What does mv do?
Move
What does gedit do?
Open a text editor
What does whoami do?
Identify the current user
What does who do?
Lists the users currently logged on
How do you add a new user on the Linux CLI?
sudo useradd name
How do you remove a user in the Linux CLI?
userdel name
