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Everything > Linux > Flashcards

Linux Flashcards

1
Q

When was Linux created?

A

1991

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2
Q

What are the 3 major Linux distribution families?

A

RedHat
SUSE
Debian

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3
Q

What is the most commonly used Debian GUI?

A

GNOME

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4
Q

What is the root symbol in Linux?

A

/

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5
Q

What is everything (processes, devices, netowork, etc.) represented by in Linux?

A

Files

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6
Q

How do you call networking service processes?

A

daemons

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7
Q

How do you call the brain the glues the hardware with the applications?

A

The kernel

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8
Q

What is a distribution?

A

A collection of programs with the Linux kernel

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9
Q

What is a bootloader?

A

The program that boots the OS

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10
Q

What is a service?

A

A program that runs in the background

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11
Q

What is a filesystem?

A

The method of storing and organizing files (ext3, FAT, NTFS, etc.)

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12
Q

What is an XWindow system?

A

The graphical subsystem (e.g. GNOME, KDE, etc.)

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13
Q

What is the BIOS used for?

A

Initializes the hardware and tests the main memory

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14
Q

Where is the BIOS software stored?

A

On the motherboard

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15
Q

What is the name of the testing process performed by the BIOS?

A

POST (Power On Self-Test)

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16
Q

What is GRUB?

A

Linux Bootloader (Grand Unified Bootloader)

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17
Q

Where is the MBR (Main Boot Record) stored?

A

On the hard disk, in the boot sector

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18
Q

What does the initramfs filesystem image do?

A

It mounts the proper root filesystem

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19
Q

How do you switch to text console on Linux?

A

Ctrl + Alt + FX

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20
Q

What process starts all other processes on Linux?

A

systemd (replaced init and upstard)

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21
Q

What command can be used to start, stop, enable, or disable processes?

A

systemctl start/stop/enable/disable process

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22
Q

What is a partition?

A

A physically contiguous section of a disk

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23
Q

Where are removable media located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/run/media/username/disklabel

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24
Q

Where are essential user command binaries located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/bin/

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25
Q

Where are device files located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/dev/

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26
Q

Where are the bootloaderā€™s static files located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/boot/

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27
Q

Where are the host-specific device configurations located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/etc/

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28
Q

Where is the userā€™s home directory located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/home/

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29
Q

Where are the essential shared libraries and kernel modules located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/lib/

30
Q

Where are the add-on application software packages located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/opt/

31
Q

Where are the system binaries located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/sbin/

32
Q

Where can you find the data for the services provided by this host in the Linux filesystem?

A

/srv/

33
Q

Where are temporary files located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/tmp/

34
Q

Where are user utilities and apps located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/usr/

35
Q

Where are the variable files located in the Linux filesystem?

A

/var/

36
Q

What is the root userā€™s home directory in the Linux filesystem?

A

/root/

37
Q

Where is the virtual filesystem documenting the kernel in the Linux filesystem?

A

/proc/

38
Q

Where are deleted files sent to in the Linux filesystem?

A

.local/share/Trash/files/

39
Q

What is the lower-level package manager in Ubuntu?

A

dpkg

40
Q

What is the higher-level package manager in Ubuntu?

A

apt

41
Q

What does the cat command do?

A

Print out the content of a file

42
Q

What does the head command do?

A

Print out the first few lines of a file

43
Q

What does the tail command do?

A

Print out the last few lines of a file

44
Q

What does | do?

A

Makes one program take as input the output of another

45
Q

What does the which command do?

A

Locate a program in the filesystem

46
Q

What does the pwd command do?

A

Prints the current directory

47
Q

What does the tree command do?

A

Gives a bird-eye view of directories

48
Q

What does the ln command do?

A

Creates a link between 2 files

49
Q

What does the less command do?

A

Show the content of larger files

50
Q

What does the touch command do?

A

Creates an empty file

51
Q

What are the 3 standard file streams?

A

0 input stdin (keyboard)
1 output stdout (terminal)
2 standard error stderr (log file)

52
Q

What does the grep command do?

A

Searches for strings in files

53
Q

What does the find command do?

A

Searches for files under the current directory

54
Q

How can you recognize a daemon process?

A

It ends with a ā€œdā€ (ex: httpd)

55
Q

What process has a PID of 1?

A

init or systemd

56
Q

How do you kill a process?

A

kill -9 pid

57
Q

How do you run job in the background?

A

Add & after the command

58
Q

How do you terminate a foreground job?

A

Ctrl + C

59
Q

How do you suspend a foreground job?

A

Ctrl + Z

60
Q

How do you display background jobs and their PID?

A

jobs -l

61
Q

How do you display processes in the CLI?

A

ps

62
Q

How do you display running processes in real time?

A

top

63
Q

What determines process priority?

A

Niceness (-20 top priority, 19 lowest)

64
Q

How can you schedule tasks on Linux?

A

cron

65
Q

What utility is used to view partitions?

A

gparted

66
Q

What does cp do?

A

Copy

67
Q

What does mv do?

A

Move

68
Q

What does gedit do?

A

Open a text editor

69
Q

What does whoami do?

A

Identify the current user

70
Q

What does who do?

A

Lists the users currently logged on

71
Q

How do you add a new user on the Linux CLI?

A

sudo useradd name

72
Q

How do you remove a user in the Linux CLI?

A

userdel name

Everything (21 decks)

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