Linguistic Methods- written language Flashcards
What are semantics?
The study of meaning and how meaning is created within texts
What describes the vocabulary system of a language?
Lexis
Describe a noun
Names of objects, places, feelings, attitudes, people or places
Example of a noun
Happy, America, table
Describe a verb
Shows actions, events or states of being, feeling or thinking
Examples of verbs
Hug, jump, grab
What is an adjective
Adds detail to a noun
An example of an adjective
Beautiful, tall, soft
What is an adverb
Adds detail to a verb
He ran quickly is an example of what word class?
Adverb
What word class is positioned in front of nouns to add detail of to clarify?
Determiner
Examples of determiners
The, a, an
Describe conjunction
Links words/phrases/ clauses together
What are examples of conjunctions
And, but, or, although, because
What shows relation in terms of time or place?
Preposition
In, at, by, on are all examples of what word class?
Preposition
What is a pronoun
Replaces nouns
I, me, you, his, our are examples of what word class?
Pronoun
What are the 5 different types of pronoun?
Personal- I, you, she, they Possessive- my, his, our, their Reflexive- myself, himself, themselves Demonstrative- this, these, that, those Relative- who, whom, which
Name 3 types of nouns
Proper noun- names of people or places (London, Paris)
Abstract noun- states, feelings, concepts which have no physical existence (pain, happiness)
Concrete noun- objects that have physical existence (countable- table, non countable- furniture)
3 types of adjectives that show comparison
Base: small
Comparative: smaller
Superlative: smallest
What is a synonym? Examples?
Different words which have the same meaning
Cry, weep, howl, whimper
What is an antonym? Example?
Words with opposite meaning
Alive- dead
Beautiful- ugly
Man-woman
What is a semantic field/lexical field?
Groups of words that are connected in meaning
Example: classroom, teacher, lesson, homework
What are the 3 types of semantics?
Denotation- straightforward meaning or definition of a words (dictionary)
Connotation- the associations a word has or the emotions raised by a word. (red can be associated with love or danger)
Implication- the meaning is suggested (you’re late!- implication: you’re in trouble)
Describe hypernyms and hyponyms
Hypernym is a general word
The hyponym is a specific word linked to the hypernym
Game: rounders, cards, chess
Comparisons such as ‘like’ and ‘as’ are what type of figurative language? Example?
Similes
His hair was as white as snow
What is a metaphor?example?
Comparisons that don’t use ‘like’ or ‘as’
There was a blanket of snow- the snow isn’t actually a blanket it’s just like one.
What is personification? Example?
An object is given a human quality
The wind wailed
What is jargon?
Specific language people use at work
What is rhetorical language designed to do?
Persuade
Blood, sweat, tears are an example of what rhetorical language?
Three-part list which is used to give emphasis and to build a climax
What is repetition used for? Example?
Emphasis
It’s not good enough, simply not good enough
What is another words for exaggeration for effect? Example?
Hyperbole
Im so hot I think I might die
A questions which doesn’t require an answer? Example?
Rhetorical question
How would you like to be in this position?
What is the study of the sound systems of languages, in particular the patterns of sounds? Example?
Phonology
Stupid—> shtupid
What is the study of speech sounds that are made and received? Example?
Phonetics
Accents
What is ellipsis? Example?
When words are left out of a sentence
His jeans were stained, his jacket was ripped and blood dripped down his face. What a state. (he was in). The first sentence allows the reader to understand the second sentence.
What are pragmatics
How language is used in social situations
Typeface (font) is a type of graphology, how does it create effects?
The tone of text
Emphasis- bold text
How do pictures create effects in texts?
Make it less formal
Help illustrate and develop the meaning of the text
Help make the meaning of the text clearer
Set a tone (cartoon to add humour)
The type of language used in different situations is what?
Register
What factors are looked at when deciding what register to use?
Audience
Purpose
Field (subject being talked about)
Form (business letter or text message etc)
