Language In Power

Question 0

Types of power:

Personal

Answer 0

Those who hold power as a result of their occupation or role, e.g. A teacher

Question 1

Types of power:

Political

Answer 1

Held by politicians, the police and those working in law

Question 2

Types of power:

Social group

Answer 2

Those who hold power due to a result of social variables such as class, gender and age

Question 3

What are the three types of power?

Answer 3

Political, personal and social group

Question 4

Instrumental power

Answer 4

Power used to maintain power and enforce authority

Question 5

Influential power

Answer 5

Power used to influence or persuade others

Question 6

Power in discourse

Answer 6

The ways in which power is manifested in situations through language

Question 7

Power behind discourse

Answer 7

The focus on social and ideological reasons behind the enactment of power

Question 8

Ideology

Answer 8

A set of belief systems, attitudes or a world view held by an individual or groups

Question 9

Epistemic modality

Answer 9

Constructions that express degrees of possibility, probability or certainty

Question 10

Deontic modality

Answer 10

Constructions that express degrees of necessity and obligation

Question 11

Synthetic personalisation

Answer 11

The way in which advertising and other forms of communication use personalised language such as ‘you’ to create a relationship between the text producer and receiver

Question 12

Members recourses

Answer 12

The vast amount of background knowledge and information that readers use in order to interpret texts and which may be explicitly drawn upon text producers

Question 13

Powerful participant

Answer 13

A speaker with a higher status in a given context, who is therefore able to impose a degree of power

Question 14

Less powerful participant

Answer 14

Those with less status in a given context, who are subject to constraints imposed by more powerful participants

Question 15

Power asymmetry

Answer 15

A marked difference in the power status of individuals involved in discourse

Question 16

Unequal encounter

Answer 16

An alternative term for ‘asymmetrical’, highlighting the power that one speaker has over another

Question 17

Constraints

Answer 17

Ways in which powerful participants may block or control the contributions of less powerful participants e.g. interrupting

Question 18

Formulation

Answer 18

The rewording of another’s contribution by a powerful participant to impose a certain meaning or understanding

Question 19

Face

Answer 19

A person’s self-esteem or emotional needs

Question 20

Positive Face

Answer 20

The need to feel wanted, liked and appreciated

Question 21

Negative face

Answer 21

The need to have freedom of thought and action and not feel imposed on

Question 22

Face-threatening act

Answer 22

A communicative act that threatens someone’s positive or negative face needs

Question 23

Positive and negative politeness strategies

Answer 23

Redressive strategies that a speaker might use to mitigate or avoid face-threatening acts

Question 24

Repressive discourse strategies

Answer 24

A more indirect way of exercising power and control through conversational constraints

Question 25

Oppressive discourse strategies

Answer 25

Linguistic behaviour that is open in exercising of power and control

Question 26

Small talk

Answer 26

Talk is primarily interatcial in orientation and is geared towards establishing relationships