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(UTEP) Biomechanics > Linear Kinetics > Flashcards

Linear Kinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Linear Kinetic

A

Study of the forces associated with linear motion

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2
Q

Law of Gravitation

A

All bodies are attracted to one another with a force:

  • Proportional to the product of their masses
  • Inversely proportional to the distance between them
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3
Q

Newton’s 1st Law

A
  • Law of Inertia

- An object in motion or at rest will remain so unless acted on by a sufficient external force

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4
Q

Newton’s 2nd Law

A
  • Law of acceleration
  • A force applied to a body causes an acceleration of that body
  • F = ma
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5
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law

A
  • Law of Reaction

- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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6
Q

Normal Reaction Force

A

Force acting perpendicular to 2 surfaces in contact

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7
Q

Orthogonal

A

2 surfaces are perpendicular to each other

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8
Q

Friction

A

A force that acts at the area of contact between 2 surfaces in the opposite direction of motion

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9
Q

Static Friction

A
  • Force acting over the area of contact between 2 surfaces

- Increases as the opposing force increases, but motion does not occur

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10
Q

Maximum Static Friction

A
  • Max amount of friction that can occur between 2 stationary surfaces in contact
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11
Q

Kinetic Friction

A
  • Constant magnitude friction generated between 2 surfaces in contact during motion
  • Always less than max static friction
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12
Q

Coefficient of Friction

A
  • μ (mu)
  • Unitless # indicating the relative ease of sliding or the amount of mechanical and molecular interaction between 2 surfaces in contact
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13
Q

Static Friction Equation

A

F(s) = μ(s)R

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14
Q

Maximum Static Friction Equation

A

F(m) = μ(m)R

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15
Q

Kinetic Friction Equation

A

F(k) = μ(k)R

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16
Q

Rolling Friction

A
  • Friction between a rolling object and the surface on which it rolls
  • Lower than sliding friction
17
Q

Linear Momentum

A
  • The quantity of motion a moving body possesses

- M = mv

18
Q

Principle of Conservation of Momentum

A

In the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a given system remains constant

19
Q

Impulse

A
  • Product of force and the time over which the force acts
  • Change in momentum
  • Impulse = Ft
20
Q

Impact/Collision

A

A collision between 2 bodies characterized by the exchange of a large force during a small time interval

21
Q

Perfectly Elastic Collision

A
  • Collision during which the velocity of the system is conserved
  • Ball will bounce to the drop height
22
Q

Perfectly Plastic Collision

A
  • Impact resulting in the total loss of system velocity

- Object will not bounce at all

23
Q

Coefficient of Restitution

A
  • Unitless number that serves as an index of elasticity for colliding bodies
  • 0 = plastic
  • 1 = elastic
24
Q

Coefficient of Restitution Equations

A

-e = (v1 - v2)/(u1 - u2)
- v = relative velocity after impact
- u = relative velocity before impact
e^2 = h(b)/h(d)
- h(b) = bounce height
- h(d) = drop height

25
Q

Law of Impact

A

When 2 bodies undergo a direct collision, the difference in their velocities after impact is proportional to the difference in their velocities before impact

26
Q

Direct Impact

A

Impact which is either “head on” or at right angles to the surface

27
Q

Oblique Impact

A

Impact which occurs at angles that are not perpendicular

28
Q

Work

A
  • W = Fd

- 1 J = 1 Nm

29
Q

Positive Work

A

Net muscle torque and angular joint motion are in the same direction (concentric)

30
Q

Negative Work

A

Torque and motion are in the opposite direction (eccentric)

31
Q

Power

A
  • Rate of work production
  • P = W/t
  • P = Fv
  • 1 W = 1 J/s
32
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do mechanical work

33
Q

Kinetic Energy

A
  • Energy of motion

- KE = 1/2mv^2

34
Q

Potential Energy

A
  • Energy of position
  • PE = wt x h
  • PE = mgh
  • 1 J = 1 Nm
35
Q

Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

A
  • When gravity is the only external force, a body’s mechanical energy will remain constant
  • C (constant) = PE + KE + TE
36
Q

Strain/Elastic Energy

A
  • A form of potential energy
  • Capacity to do work by virtue of a deformed body’s return to its original shape
  • SE = 1/2kx^2

(UTEP) Biomechanics (14 decks)

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