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Hematology 1 > Lineage Specific Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Lineage Specific Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

____ is a regulated process for maintaining adequate numbers of red blood cells in the peripheral blood.

A

Erythropoiesis

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2
Q

____ is a process by which erythroid precursor cells differentiate to become mature red blood cells.

A

Erythropoiesis

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3
Q

____ is the production of red blood cells.

A

Erythropoiesis

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4
Q

Main regulator of Erythropoiesis

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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5
Q

EPO is released by the ____.

A

kidneys

Specificially in the renal peritubular interstitial cells.

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6
Q

____ is a lineage-specific glycoprotein produced in the renal-peritubular interstitial cells.

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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7
Q

____ is the stimulus that activates the production and secretion of EPO.

A

Oxygen availability

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8
Q

Erythropoietin is released by the kidneys whenever there is ____.

A

Hypoxia (low oxygen level in tissues)

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9
Q

____ serve as differentiation factor that causes the CFU-E to differentiate into pronormoblasts.

A

Erythropoietin

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10
Q

All blood cells arise from the ____.

A

Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cell

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11
Q

Three Erythroid Precurosr Nomenclature Systems

A
  • Normoblastic Terminology
  • Rubriblast Terminology
  • Erythroblast Terminology
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12
Q

Erythroid Nomenclature System

Commonly used in the US and is descriptive of the appearance of the cells.

A

Normoblastic Terminology

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13
Q

Erythroid Nomenclature System

Parallels the nomenclature used for granulocyte development.

A

Rubriblast Terminology

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14
Q

Erythroid Nomenclature System

Used primarily in Europe

A

Erythroblast Terminology

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15
Q

Most important features in the identification of RBC

A
  • Nuclear chromatin pattern
  • Nuclear diameter
  • Nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio
  • Nucleoli
  • Cytoplasmic color
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16
Q

Developmental Changes in Erythrocytes

A
  1. Overall diameter decreases
  2. N:C ratio decreases
  3. Nuclear chromatin pattern becomes coarser, clumped, and condensed (raspberry-like)
  4. Nucleoli disappear
  5. Cytoplasmic color changes from blue-gray-pink.
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17
Q

Why does the nuclear diameter decrease as the immature RBCs develop?

A

Because it continuously undergo through cell division

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18
Q

The nuclear chromatin pattern of ____ is inherently coarser than that of myeloid precursors.

A

erythroid precursors

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19
Q

The nuclear chromatin pattern of erythroid precursors is inherently ____ than that of myeloid precursors.

A

coarser

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20
Q

The nuclear chromatin pattern of ____ as it mature, develop a raspberry-like appearance.

A

erythroid precursors

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21
Q

The nucleus of erythroid precursors is said to be ____.

A

pyknotic

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22
Q

This developmental change of erythrocyte precursors leads to the ultimate cessation of protein synthesis.

A

Disappearance of nucleoli

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23
Q

____ is due to the acidic components that attract basic stains, such as methylene blue.

A

Blueness or basophilia

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24
Q

The degree of cytoplasmic basophilia correlates with the ____.

A

amount of ribosomal RNA

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25
Q

____ is due to the accumulation of more basic components that attract acid stains, such as eosin.

A

Eosinophilia or acidophilia

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26
Q

Eosinophilia of erythrocyte cytoplasm correlates with the ____.

A

accumulation of hemoglobin

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27
Q

Most important developmental change in Erythroid Precursors

A

Cytoplasmic color

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28
Q

____ are never capable of synthesizing hemoglobin.

A

Mature RBCs

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29
Q

Brief summary of RBC production

A
  1. Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem Cell
  2. CFU-GEMM
  3. BFU-E (influenced by IL-3, GM-CSF, TPO, and KIT Ligand)
  4. CFU-E
  5. Pronormoblast
  6. Mature RBC
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30
Q

____ gives rise to the earliest identifiable colony of RBCs.

A

CFU-GEMM

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31
Q

The earliest identifiable colony of RBCs is called ____.

A

Burst Forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E)

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32
Q

____ contains very few receptors for EPO.

A

Burst Forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E)

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33
Q

Under the influence of ____, BFU will then give rise to CFU-E.

A
  • IL-3
  • TPO
  • KIT Ligand
  • GM-CSF
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34
Q

How long does it take for the BFU-E to mature as CFU-E?

A

1 week

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35
Q

____ contains multiple receptors for EPO.

A

Colony Forming Unit-Erythroid (CFU-E)

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36
Q

Once ____ bind to receptors, it will then stimulate the maturation, proliferation, and differentiation of cells.

A

EPO

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37
Q

____ induces the synthesis of hemoglobin.

A

binding of EPO to receptors

38
Q

How long does it take for the CFU-E to become pronormoblast?

A

1 week

39
Q

How long does it take for the pronormoblast to become a mature RBC?

A

4-7 days

40
Q

How long does it take for erythrocyte precursors to become mature enough to enter the circulation?

A

6-7 days

41
Q

How long does it take to produce a mature RBC from BFU-E?

A

18-21 days

42
Q

In a single pronormoblast, how many RBCs may be produced?

A

8-32

43
Q

While at the CFU-E stage, the cell completes approximately ____ divisions before maturing further.

A

3 to 5

44
Q

Maturation Sequence

____ is the earliest recognizable stage and first morphologically identifiable precursor.

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
45
Q

Maturation Sequence

Pronormoblast: Diameter

A

12-20 um

46
Q

Maturation Sequence

Has a diameter of 12-20 um

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
47
Q

Maturation Sequence

Pronormoblast: N:C ratio

A

8:1

48
Q

Maturation Sequence

Has a N:C ratio of 8:1

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
49
Q

Maturation Sequence

____ has a nuclei shape of round to oval, with 1-2 nuclei.

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
50
Q

Maturation Sequence

Has an open purple-red chroamtin with few fine clumps.

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
51
Q

Maturation Sequence

____ has a dark blue cytoplasm due to the concentraion of ribosomes and RNA.

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
52
Q

Maturation Sequence

Pronormoblast: Cytoplasm

A

Dark blue

Due to the concentration of ribosomes and RNA.

53
Q

Maturation Sequence

Golgi complex is pale and unstained

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
54
Q

Maturation Sequence

Small tufts of irregular cytoplasm

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
55
Q

Maturation Sequence

Pronormoblast:
Division

A

Mitosis (produces 2 daughter cells)

56
Q

Maturation Sequence

Pronormoblast:
Location

A

Bone marrow

57
Q

Maturation Sequence

Accumulation of components needed for hemoglobin synthesis (No hemoglobin visible yet).

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
58
Q

Maturation Sequence

Proteins and enzymes for iron uptake and protoporphyrin synthesis are produced.

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
59
Q

Maturation Sequence

Globin production begins

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Proerythroblast
  • Rubriblast
60
Q

Maturation Sequence

Pronormoblast:
Time

A

> 24 hours

61
Q

Maturation Sequence

Basophilic normoblast: Diameter

A

10-15 um

62
Q

Maturation Sequence

Has a diameter of 10-15 um

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
63
Q

Maturation Sequence

Basophilic normoblast: N:C ratio

A

6:1

64
Q

Maturation Sequence

Has a N:C ratio of 6:1

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
65
Q

Maturation Sequence

Chromatin begins to condense, revealing clumps along periphery.

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
66
Q

Maturation Sequence

Parachromatin areas are larger and sharper

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
67
Q

Maturation Sequence

Chromatin stains deep purple-red.

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
68
Q

Maturation Sequence

Nucleoli may be present, but disappear later on.

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
69
Q

Maturation Sequence

Basophilic normoblast: Cytoplasm

A

Deeper, and richer blue

70
Q

Maturation Sequence

____ has a deeper and richer blue cytoplasm.

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
71
Q

Maturation Sequence

Basophilic normoblast:
Division

A

Mitosis (produces 2 daughter cells)

72
Q

Maturation Sequence

Basophilic normoblast:
Location

A

Bone marrow

73
Q

Maturation Sequence

Detectable presence of hemoglobin synthesis

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
74
Q

Maturation Sequence

Cytoplasmic organelles such as ribosomes and mRNA completely mask the minute amount of hemoglobin pigmentation.

A
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Prorubricyte
75
Q

Maturation Sequence

Basophilic normoblast:
Time

A

> 24 hours

76
Q

Maturation Sequence

Polychromatic normoblast: Diameter

A

10-12 um

77
Q

Maturation Sequence

Polychromatic normoblast: N:C ratio

A

4:1 - 1:1

78
Q

Maturation Sequence

Has a N:C ratio of 4:1-1:1

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
79
Q

Maturation Sequence

The chromatin pattern varies, showing some openness in early stage.

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
80
Q

Maturation Sequence

No nucleoli present

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
81
Q

Maturation Sequence

The first stage in which the pink color associated with hemoglobin can be seen.

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
82
Q

Maturation Sequence

Accumulation of hemoglobin pigmentation and concurrent decreasing amount of RNA.

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
83
Q

Maturation Sequence

Polychromatic normoblast: Cytoplasm

A

Murky-blue

84
Q

Maturation Sequence

____ has a murky-blue cytoplasm.

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
85
Q

Maturation Sequence

The last stage capable of undergoing mitosis

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
86
Q

Maturation Sequence

Polychromatic normoblast: Location

A

Bone marrow

87
Q

Maturation Sequence

The hemoglobin synthesis increases and the accumulation begins to be visible as pinkish color in the cytoplasm.

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
88
Q

Maturation Sequence

Cellular RNA and organelles are still present = contributes to the blue color of cytoplasm.

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
89
Q

Maturation Sequence

Progressive condensation of nucleus = progressive decline in transcription of DNA.

A
  • Polychromatic normoblast
  • Polychromatic erythroblast
  • Rubricyte
90
Q

Maturation Sequence

Polychromatic normoblast: Time

A

30 hours

Hematology 1 (4 decks)

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