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Lineage Specific Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

____ is a regulated process for maintaining adequate numbers of red blood cells in the peripheral blood.

A

Erythropoiesis

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2
Q

____ is a process by which erythroid precursor cells differentiate to become mature red blood cells.

A

Erythropoiesis

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3
Q

____ is the production of red blood cells.

A

Erythropoiesis

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4
Q

Main regulator of Erythropoiesis

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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5
Q

EPO is released by the ____.

A

kidneys

Specificially in the renal peritubular interstitial cells.

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6
Q

____ is a lineage-specific glycoprotein produced in the renal-peritubular interstitial cells.

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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7
Q

____ is the stimulus that activates the production and secretion of EPO.

A

Oxygen availability

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8
Q

Erythropoietin is released by the kidneys whenever there is ____.

A

Hypoxia (low oxygen level in tissues)

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9
Q

____ serve as differentiation factor that causes the CFU-E to differentiate into pronormoblasts.

A

Erythropoietin

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10
Q

All blood cells arise from the ____.

A

Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cell

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11
Q

Three Erythroid Precurosr Nomenclature Systems

A
  • Normoblastic Terminology
  • Rubriblast Terminology
  • Erythroblast Terminology
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12
Q

Erythroid Nomenclature System

Commonly used in the US and is descriptive of the appearance of the cells.

A

Normoblastic Terminology

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13
Q

Erythroid Nomenclature System

Parallels the nomenclature used for granulocyte development.

A

Rubriblast Terminology

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14
Q

Erythroid Nomenclature System

Used primarily in Europe

A

Erythroblast Terminology

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15
Q

Most important features in the identification of RBC

A
  • Nuclear chromatin pattern
  • Nuclear diameter
  • Nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio
  • Nucleoli
  • Cytoplasmic color
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16
Q

Developmental Changes in Erythrocytes

A
  1. Overall diameter decreases
  2. N:C ratio decreases
  3. Nuclear chromatin pattern becomes coarser, clumped, and condensed (raspberry-like)
  4. Nucleoli disappear
  5. Cytoplasmic color changes from blue-gray-pink.
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17
Q

Why does the nuclear diameter decrease as the immature RBCs develop?

A

Because it continuously undergo through cell division

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18
Q

The nuclear chromatin pattern of ____ is inherently coarser than that of myeloid precursors.

A

erythroid precursors

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19
Q

The nuclear chromatin pattern of erythroid precursors is inherently ____ than that of myeloid precursors.

A

coarser

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20
Q

The nuclear chromatin pattern of ____ as it mature, develop a raspberry-like appearance.

A

erythroid precursors

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21
Q

The nucleus of erythroid precursors is said to be ____.

A

pyknotic

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22
Q

This developmental change of erythrocyte precursors leads to the ultimate cessation of protein synthesis.

A

Disappearance of nucleoli

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23
Q

____ is due to the acidic components that attract basic stains, such as methylene blue.

A

Blueness or basophilia

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24
Q

The degree of cytoplasmic basophilia correlates with the ____.

A

amount of ribosomal RNA

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25
____ is due to the accumulation of more basic components that attract acid stains, such as eosin.
Eosinophilia or acidophilia
26
Eosinophilia of erythrocyte cytoplasm correlates with the ____.
accumulation of hemoglobin
27
Most important developmental change in Erythroid Precursors
Cytoplasmic color
28
____ are never capable of synthesizing hemoglobin.
Mature RBCs
29
Brief summary of RBC production
1. Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem Cell 2. CFU-GEMM 3. BFU-E *(influenced by IL-3, GM-CSF, TPO, and KIT Ligand)* 4. CFU-E 5. Pronormoblast 6. Mature RBC
30
____ gives rise to the earliest identifiable colony of RBCs.
CFU-GEMM
31
The earliest identifiable colony of RBCs is called ____.
Burst Forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E)
32
____ contains very few receptors for EPO.
Burst Forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E)
33
Under the influence of ____, BFU will then give rise to CFU-E.
* IL-3 * TPO * KIT Ligand * GM-CSF
34
How long does it take for the BFU-E to mature as CFU-E?
1 week
35
____ contains multiple receptors for EPO.
Colony Forming Unit-Erythroid (CFU-E)
36
Once ____ bind to receptors, it will then stimulate the maturation, proliferation, and differentiation of cells.
EPO
37
____ induces the synthesis of hemoglobin.
binding of EPO to receptors
38
How long does it take for the CFU-E to become pronormoblast?
1 week
39
How long does it take for the pronormoblast to become a mature RBC?
4-7 days
40
How long does it take for erythrocyte precursors to become mature enough to enter the circulation?
6-7 days
41
How long does it take to produce a mature RBC from BFU-E?
18-21 days
42
In a single pronormoblast, how many RBCs may be produced?
8-32
43
While at the CFU-E stage, the cell completes approximately ____ divisions before maturing further.
3 to 5
44
# **Maturation Sequence** ____ is the earliest recognizable stage and first morphologically identifiable precursor.
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
45
# **Maturation Sequence** **Pronormoblast:** Diameter
12-20 um
46
# **Maturation Sequence** Has a diameter of 12-20 um
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
47
# **Maturation Sequence** **Pronormoblast:** N:C ratio
8:1
48
# **Maturation Sequence** Has a N:C ratio of 8:1
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
49
# **Maturation Sequence** ____ has a nuclei shape of round to oval, with 1-2 nuclei.
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
50
# **Maturation Sequence** Has an open purple-red chroamtin with few fine clumps.
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
51
# **Maturation Sequence** ____ has a dark blue cytoplasm due to the concentraion of ribosomes and RNA.
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
52
# **Maturation Sequence** **Pronormoblast:** Cytoplasm
Dark blue | Due to the concentration of ribosomes and RNA.
53
# **Maturation Sequence** Golgi complex is pale and unstained
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
54
# **Maturation Sequence** Small tufts of irregular cytoplasm
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
55
# **Maturation Sequence** **Pronormoblast:** Division
Mitosis (produces 2 daughter cells)
56
# **Maturation Sequence** **Pronormoblast:** Location
Bone marrow
57
# **Maturation Sequence** Accumulation of components needed for hemoglobin synthesis *(No hemoglobin visible yet)*.
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
58
# **Maturation Sequence** Proteins and enzymes for iron uptake and protoporphyrin synthesis are produced.
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
59
# **Maturation Sequence** Globin production begins
* Pronormoblast * Proerythroblast * Rubriblast
60
# **Maturation Sequence** **Pronormoblast:** Time
>24 hours
61
# **Maturation Sequence** **Basophilic normoblast:** Diameter
10-15 um
62
# **Maturation Sequence** Has a diameter of 10-15 um
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
63
# **Maturation Sequence** **Basophilic normoblast:** N:C ratio
6:1
64
# **Maturation Sequence** Has a N:C ratio of 6:1
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
65
# **Maturation Sequence** Chromatin begins to condense, revealing clumps along periphery.
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
66
# **Maturation Sequence** Parachromatin areas are larger and sharper
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
67
# **Maturation Sequence** Chromatin stains deep purple-red.
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
68
# **Maturation Sequence** Nucleoli may be present, but disappear later on.
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
69
# **Maturation Sequence** **Basophilic normoblast:** Cytoplasm
Deeper, and richer blue
70
# **Maturation Sequence** ____ has a deeper and richer blue cytoplasm.
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
71
# **Maturation Sequence** **Basophilic normoblast:** Division
Mitosis (produces 2 daughter cells)
72
# **Maturation Sequence** **Basophilic normoblast:** Location
Bone marrow
73
# **Maturation Sequence** Detectable presence of hemoglobin synthesis
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
74
# **Maturation Sequence** Cytoplasmic organelles such as ribosomes and mRNA completely mask the minute amount of hemoglobin pigmentation.
* Basophilic normoblast * Basophilic erythroblast * Prorubricyte
75
# **Maturation Sequence** **Basophilic normoblast:** Time
>24 hours
76
# **Maturation Sequence** **Polychromatic normoblast:** Diameter
10-12 um
77
# **Maturation Sequence** **Polychromatic normoblast:** N:C ratio
4:1 - 1:1
78
# **Maturation Sequence** Has a N:C ratio of 4:1-1:1
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
79
# **Maturation Sequence** The chromatin pattern varies, showing some openness in early stage.
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
80
# **Maturation Sequence** No nucleoli present
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
81
# **Maturation Sequence** The first stage in which the pink color associated with hemoglobin can be seen.
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
82
# **Maturation Sequence** Accumulation of hemoglobin pigmentation and concurrent decreasing amount of RNA.
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
83
# **Maturation Sequence** **Polychromatic normoblast:** Cytoplasm
Murky-blue
84
# **Maturation Sequence** ____ has a murky-blue cytoplasm.
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
85
# **Maturation Sequence** The last stage capable of undergoing mitosis
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
86
# **Maturation Sequence** **Polychromatic normoblast:** Location
Bone marrow
87
# **Maturation Sequence** The hemoglobin synthesis increases and the accumulation begins to be visible as pinkish color in the cytoplasm.
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
88
# **Maturation Sequence** Cellular RNA and organelles are still present = contributes to the blue color of cytoplasm.
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
89
# **Maturation Sequence** Progressive condensation of nucleus = progressive decline in transcription of DNA.
* Polychromatic normoblast * Polychromatic erythroblast * Rubricyte
90
# **Maturation Sequence** **Polychromatic normoblast:** Time
30 hours

Hematology 1 (4 decks)

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