Limiting factors for AROM

Question 1

Limiting factors for elevation of shoulder girdle is

Answer 1

SCJ: Tension in costoclavicular ligs & subclavius
ACJ: Coracoclavicular lig (both bands)

Question 2

Limiting factors for depression of shoulder girdle

Answer 2

SCJ: Interclavicular lig. & intra-articular disc

Question 3

Limiting factors for protraction of shoulder girdle

Answer 3

SCJ: Sternoclavicular ligament & costoclavicular ligament
ACJ: Coracoclavicular ligament & fibrous capsule

Question 4

Limiting factors for retraction of shoulder girdle

Answer 4

SCJ: Sternoclavicular ligament & costoclavicular ligament
ACJ: Coracoclavicular ligament & fibrous capsule

Question 5

Limiting factors for GH flexion

Answer 5

Extent of articular surfaces. Tension in capsular structures

Question 6

Limiting factors for GH extension

Answer 6

Extent of articular surfaces. Tension in capsular structures

Question 7

Limiting factors for GH abduction

Answer 7

Glenohumeral ligs (middle and inferior bands) & inferior part of the fibrous capsule

Question 8

Limiting factors for GH adduction

Answer 8

Extent of articular surfaces

Question 9

Limiting factors for GH medial rotation

Answer 9

Posterior part of fibrous capsule

Posterior opposing muscles (infraspinatus and teres minor)

Question 10

Limiting factors for GH lateral rotation

Answer 10

Anterior part of fibrous capsule and all three bands of the glenohumeral ligament.
Anterior opposing muscles (subscapularis)

Question 11

Limiting factors for elbow flexion

Answer 11

Apposition of anterior muscles of the arm and forearm
Fibrous capsule (posterior part)
Opposing muscles (triceps etc)

Question 12

Limiting factors for elbow extension

Answer 12

Fibrous capsule (anterior part)
Opposing muscles (biceps, brachialis etc)
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments (anterior parts)

Question 13

Limiting factors for supination

Answer 13

Quadrate ligament (some fibres)

Passive resistance in pronator teres

Question 14

Limiting factors for pronation

Answer 14

Passive resistance of the
opposing muscles (supinator)

Quadrate ligament (some fibres)

Question 15

Limiting factors for wrist flexion

Answer 15

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Tension in the extensor tendons

Question 16

Limiting factors for wrist extension

Answer 16

Palmar radiocarpal ligament Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Tension in the flexor tendons

Question 17

Limiting factors for radial deviation

Answer 17

Ulnar collateral carpal ligament

Impact of scaphoid tubercle on the radial styloid

Question 18

Limiting factors for ulnar deviation

Answer 18

Radial collateral carpal ligament

Question 19

Limiting factors for thumb flexion

Answer 19

Joint surface alignment Tension in surrounding soft tissues particularly the Post. Oblique lig.

Question 20

Limiting factors for thumb extension

Answer 20

Joint surface alignment Tension in surrounding soft tissues particularly the Ant. Oblique lig.

Question 21

Limiting factors for thumb abduction

Answer 21

Tension in thumb web

Question 22

Limiting factors for thumb adduction

Answer 22

Apposition of the medial surface of the thumb with the hand

Question 23

Limiting factors for thumb opposition

Answer 23

Joint surface alignment

Tension in surrounding soft tissues & contact of thumb pad with the palmar surface of the hand

Question 24

Limiting factors for MCP flexion

Answer 24

Tension in the

extensor tendons Collateral ligaments are taut

Question 25

Limiting factors for MCP extension

Answer 25

Tension in the flexor tendons Extent of articular surface

Question 26

Limiting factors for MCP abduction

Answer 26

Tension in finger and thumb webs

Question 27

Limiting factors for MCP adduction

Answer 27

Contact with other fingers or palm

Question 28

Limiting factors for IP flexion

Answer 28

Apposition of soft tissues | Tension in the extensor tendons

Question 29

Limiting factors for IP extension

Answer 29

Tension in the flexor tendons

Question 30

Limiting factors for Cervical Flexion

Answer 30

Anterior part of the disc is compressed whilst the posterior part is stretched Tension also occurs in: - Posterior longitudinal ligament - Posterior capsule of the facet joints - Ligamentum flavum, - Interspinous ligament - Ligamentum nuchae - Opposing muscles.

Question 31

Limiting factors for Cervical extension

Answer 31

Posterior part of disc compressed whilst anterior part stretched Tension also occurs in: - Anterior longitudinal ligament - Approximation of spinous processes - Tension in opposing muscles.

Question 32

Limiting factors for Cervical rotation

Answer 32

Torsional deformity of the disc occurs Plus tension develops in the ligaments of both sides and both facet joint capsules Plus tension in the Alar ligaments of the Atlanto-axial joints.

Question 33

Limiting factors for Cervical lateral flexion

Answer 33

(L) Lateral Flexion: (L) side of the disc is compressed whilst the (R) side of disc is stretched Tension in the facet joint capsule on the (R) side Tension in the ligaments on the (R) side Tension in the opposing muscles on the (R) side.