Limbic System

Question 1

Limbic system - does what

Answer 1

emotions, feelings, mood, motivation

motivation has a lot to do with our patterns of movement

Question 2

Which cortex is particularly important for reward and motivation

Answer 2

Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 3

Limbic system - functional lobe - where is it

Answer 3

Medial surface of each hemisphere - upper boundary is the cingulate sulcus

Question 4

Primary limbic cortex includes

Answer 4

Cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus
ACC

Question 5

ACC is extremely important for

Answer 5

depression and mood

Question 6

Limbic association includes what

Answer 6

Parts of the thalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
hypothalamus
insula
parts of basal forebrain
orbitofrontal cortex

Question 7

Hippocampus is located

Answer 7

Mediotemporal

Question 8

Cingulate gyrus sits above what

Answer 8

corpus callosum

Question 9

amygdala sits where

Answer 9

next to hippocampus

these are all deep and medial structures

Question 10

Emotions =

Answer 10

physiological responses to negative/positive stimuli

Question 11

Emotions - Brain

Answer 11

Changes in arousal level, cognitive functions, attention, memory

Question 12

Emotions - Body

Answer 12

Endocrine, autonomic, musculoskeletal responses (freezing, flight, expression of fear or surprise through facial expression)

Question 13

Emotions are

Answer 13

automatic, largely unconscious behavioral and cognitive responses triggered when the brain detects a pos/neg stimulus

Question 14

Feelings =

Answer 14

Conscious experiences, conscious perception of those physiological emotional responses
Afraid, sad, angry
We are afraid because we run!

Question 15

Neural control of emotional responses to external stimuli - Emotional stimuli to sensory systems activates what

Answer 15

Emotion systems (amygdala) and then if it is salient it is activated 
Amygdala acts as decision making body

Question 16

Neural control of emotional responses to external stimuli - Emotional stimuli to sensory systems activates emotional system (amy) and then salient so gets activated and then what

Answer 16

Hypothalamus and brainstem
Spinal cord and autonomic ganglia
Effector cells
And then you get the emotional response

Question 17

Emotion - Amygdala - Animal study

Answer 17

Classic conditioning with the mouse - tone (conditioned stimulus) and shock (unconditioned)
Even without shock and just heard the tone, the stress response is still triggered
There is associated learning going on

Question 18

Emotion - Amygdala - Human study

Answer 18

Human lesions of amygdala and person will fail to undergo fear conditioning
Their emotional learning is poor and they do not recognize facial expressions of fear

Question 19

Other brain areas that contribute to emotional processing

Answer 19

Cortex - ACC, prefrontal, orbitofrontal

Question 20

Other brain areas that contribute to emotional processing - prefrontal is particularly important for

Answer 20

social emotions - complex feelings associated with social interactions - empathy, pride, embarassement, guilt

Question 21

Other brain areas that contribute to emotional processing - damage to prefrontal cortex (TBI) - leads to

Answer 21

impaired social relations and impaired social emotion processing

Question 22

Other brain areas that contribute to emotional processing - human lesion to orbitofrontal

Answer 22

Behavioral control, say things that are socially unacceptable, impulsive, outbursts of physical and verbal aggression, lack of emotion about the outcome

Question 23

Other brain areas that contribute to emotional processing - lesion to ACC

Answer 23

Major depression, bipolar disorders

Question 24

Monkey study with orbitofrontal cortex showed what

Answer 24

the orbitofrontal cortex codes for preference, reward, and motivation

Question 25

ACC activation in someone who is depressed

Answer 25

Lower levels of ACC activation in someone who is depressed

Question 26

ACC activation - normal people with no hx of depression but have them recall sad events and what do you see

Answer 26

ACC lights up (and it does not with thinking about positive events)

Question 27

ACC has association with what kind of stimuli

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

What else are they doing in research with the ACC

Answer 28

Inc activity in ACC predicted responsiveness to tx with antidepressant
drugs
Person who is depressed and has a certain level of activity of the ACC may respond better to drugs than someone who does not have that activation