Limbic system

Question 1

what are associated with the subcortical nuclei?

Answer 1

• amygdala
• hypothalamus
• septal nuclei
• anterior thalamic group

Question 2

what are the 4 nerve fiber pathways?

Answer 2

• mamillothalamic tract
• fornix
• stria terminalis
• medial forebrain bundle

Question 3

what are the connections of the complex loop?

Answer 3

• mamillary goes to anterior thalamic group via mamillothalamic tract
• aterior thalamic group to cingulate gyrus
• cingulate gyrus to para hippocampal gyrus
• parahippocampal gyrus to hippocampus
• hippocampus to mamillary bodies and septal region via the fornix

Question 4

what are the 2 afferents ands where do they project to?

Answer 4

1-cortex - projects to all parts of the limbic lobe, amygdala and hypothalamus
2-reticular formation - projects to all parts of limbic lobe, amygdala, and hypothalamus

Question 5

what are the 2 efferents of the limbic lobe?

Answer 5

1. limbic lobe –> back to all parts of cortex by way of thalamic gating
2. limbic lobe –> to the hypothalamus and RF

Question 6

what are the 2 efferents of the amygdala?

Answer 6

1. amygdala –> dorsomedial thalamic nucleus –> prefrontal cortex
2. amygdala –> brainstem RF nuclei both directly and indirectly via Hypothalamus

Question 7

what is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 7

generates behaviors necessary for the preservation of the individual and the species
-motivation, emotion, learning, memory

Question 8

T/F: lesions of hippocampus and amygdala must be bilateral to result in MAJOR deficits of normal behavior.
However, unilateral stimulation
may result in abnormal behavior

Answer 8

T

Question 9

what influence does limbic system have on hypothalamus and ANS?

Answer 9

powerful

Question 10

what are the 4 main things the hippocampus is involved in?

Answer 10

1. attention
2. memory
3. spatial orientation
4. stress

Question 11

T/F: the hippocampus must be bilaterally stimulated to result in alertness

Answer 11

F: both

Question 12

what is the relationship between hippocampus and memory?

Answer 12

forms declarative, not procedural memory.

- also consolidation

Question 13

what makes it possible for us to compare present spatial situations to experience?

Answer 13

Hippocampus has a cognitive mapping system which allows for this

Question 14

what happens with stress and the anterior hypothalamus?

Answer 14

cortisol

Question 15

what are 2 septal nuclei and what is notable about them?

Answer 15

1. pleasure - sexual arousal/ euphoria

2. Rage - Bilateral lesions can lead to hyper excitability/ Rage

Question 16

What is important about the amygdala with sensory-affective interactions?
Lesions result in what?

Answer 16

• instinctive reactions

- lesions produce inappropriate emotional responses to sensory stimuli

Question 17

what is important about the amygdala with the emotional component to learning?

Answer 17

fear

Question 18

how does the amygdala modulate hypothalamic activities?

Answer 18

stimulation can produce arousal, sexual activity, motor activity related to eating, aggressive behavior

Question 19

What does lateral amygdala stimulation produce?

Answer 19

anger, overeating, pleasure, tameness

Question 20

what does medial amygdala stimulation produce?

Answer 20

decrease aggressive behavior, sadness, fear

Question 21

how is the connection of limbic system and hypothalamus displayed?

Answer 21

aggressive or defensive behaviors.

Question 22

What behaviors are the medial amygdala/medial hypothalamus related to?

Answer 22

defense of self

Question 23

What behaviors are lateral amygdala/lateral hypothalamus related to?

Answer 23

predatory or feeding behaviors

Question 24

what area is more attuned to acting in satisfaction or pleasure?

Answer 24

anterior septal region

- euphoria and addictions of cocaine